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dictate or compose informational texts, including procedural texts; and

dictate or compose correspondence such as thank you notes or letters.

generate questions for formal and informal inquiry with adult assistance;

develop and follow a research plan with adult assistance;

identify and gather relevant sources and information to answer the questions with adult assistance;

demonstrate understanding of information gathered with adult assistance; and

use an appropriate mode of delivery, whether written, oral, or multimodal, to present results.

listen actively, ask relevant questions to clarify information, and answer questions using multi-word responses;

follow, restate, and give oral instructions that involve a short, related sequence of actions;

share information and ideas that focus on the topic under discussion, speaking clearly at an appropriate pace and using the conventions of language;

producing a series of rhyming words;

distinguishing between long and short vowel sounds in one-syllable and multi-syllable words;

recognizing the change in spoken word when a specified phoneme is added, changed, or removed; and

listen actively, ask relevant questions to clarify information, and answer questions using multi-word responses;

manipulating phonemes within base words;

follow, restate, and give oral instructions that involve a short, related sequence of actions;

share information and ideas that focus on the topic under discussion, speaking clearly at an appropriate pace and using the conventions of language;

decoding words with short, long, or variant vowels, trigraphs, and blends;

work collaboratively with others by following agreed-upon rules for discussion, including listening to others, speaking when recognized, making appropriate contributions, and building on the ideas of others; and

decoding words with silent letters such as knife and gnat;

develop social communication such as distinguishing between asking and telling.

decoding multisyllabic words with closed syllables; open syllables; VCe syllables; vowel teams, including digraphs and diphthongs; r-controlled syllables; and final stable syllables;

decoding compound words, contractions, and common abbreviations;

decoding words using knowledge of syllable division patterns such as VCCV, VCV, and VCCCV;

decoding multisyllabic words;

decoding words with prefixes, including un-, re-, and dis-, and inflectional endings, including -s, -es, -ed, -ing, -er, and -est; and

decoding words with multiple sound spelling patterns such as c, k, and q and s, z, soft c, and x;

identifying and reading high-frequency words from a research-based list;

decoding words with silent h and words that use the syllables que-, qui-, gue-, gui-, güe-, and güi-;

decoding words with diphthongs and hiatus;

spelling one-syllable and multisyllabic words with closed syllables; open syllables; VCe syllables; vowel teams, including digraphs and diphthongs; r-controlled syllables; and final stable syllables;

decoding common abbreviations; and

spelling words with silent letters such as knife and gnat;

decoding words with prefixes and suffixes;

spelling compound words, contractions, and common abbreviations;

spelling multisyllabic words with multiple sound-spelling patterns;

spelling multisyllabic words;

spelling words using knowledge of syllable division patterns, including words with double consonants in the middle of the word; and

spelling words with diphthongs and hiatus;

spelling words with prefixes, including un-, re-, and dis-, and inflectional endings, including -s, -es, -ed, -ing, -er, and -est;

spelling common abbreviations;

alphabetize a series of words and use a dictionary or glossary to find words; and

spelling words with prefixes and suffixes; and

spelling words with silent h and words that use the syllables que-, qui-, gue-, gui-, güe-, and güi-;

alphabetize a series of words and use a dictionary or glossary to find words; and

use print or digital resources to determine meaning and pronunciation of unknown words;

develop handwriting by accurately forming all cursive letters using appropriate strokes when connecting letters.

use context within and beyond a sentence to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words;

identify the meaning of and use words with affixes un-, re-, -ly, -er, and -est (comparative and superlative), and -ion/tion/sion; and

use print or digital resources to determine meaning and pronunciation of unknown words;

identify, use, and explain the meaning of antonyms, synonyms, idioms, and homographs in context.

use context within and beyond a sentence to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words;