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explain how science or an innovation can help others; and

identify scientists and engineers such as Isaac Newton, Mae Jemison, and Ynes Mexia and explore what different scientists and engineers do.

identify and use patterns to describe phenomena or design solutions;

investigate and predict cause-and-effect relationships in science;

describe the properties of objects in terms of relative size (scale) and relative quantity;

examine the parts of a whole to define or model a system;

identify forms of energy and properties of matter;

describe the relationship between the structure and function of objects, organisms, and systems; and

describe how factors or conditions can cause objects, organisms, and systems to either change or stay the same.

The student is expected to identify and record observable physical properties of objects, including shape, color, texture, and material, and generate ways to classify objects.

The student is expected to describe and predict how a magnet interacts with various materials and how magnets can be used to push or pull.

communicate the idea that objects can only be seen when a light source is present and compare the effects of different amounts of light on the appearance of objects; and

demonstrate and explain that light travels through some objects and is blocked by other objects, creating shadows.

identify, describe, and predict the patterns of day and night and their observable characteristics; and

observe, describe, and illustrate the Sun, Moon, stars, and objects in the sky such as clouds.

describe and classify rocks by the observable properties of size, shape, color, and texture;

observe and describe weather changes from day to day and over seasons; and

identify evidence that supports the idea that air is all around us and demonstrate that wind is moving air using items such as a windsock, pinwheel, or ribbon.

The student is expected to observe and generate examples of practical uses for rocks, soil, and water.

observe and identify the dependence of plants on air, sunlight, water, nutrients in the soil, and space to grow; and

observe and identify the dependence of animals on air, water, food, space, and shelter.

identify the structures of plants, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits;

identify the different structures that animals have that allow them to interact with their environment such as seeing, hearing, moving, and grasping objects;

identify and record the changes from seed, seedling, plant, flower, and fruit in a simple plant life cycle; and

identify ways that young plants resemble the parent plant.

ask questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations;

use scientific practices to plan and conduct simple descriptive investigations and use engineering practices to design solutions to problems;

identify, describe, and demonstrate safe practices during classroom and field investigations as outlined in Texas Education Agency-approved safety standards;

use tools, including hand lenses, goggles, heat-resistant gloves, trays, cups, bowls, beakers, sieves/sifters, tweezers, primary balance, notebooks, terrariums, aquariums, stream tables, soil samples (loam, sand, gravel, rocks, and clay), seeds, plants, windsock, pinwheel, student thermometer, demonstration thermometer, rain gauge, straws, ribbons, non-standard measuring items, flashlights, sandpaper, wax paper, items that are magnetic, non-magnetic items, a variety of magnets, hot plate, aluminum foil, Sun-Moon-Earth model, and plant and animal life cycle models to observe, measure, test, and compare;

collect observations and measurements as evidence;

record and organize data using pictures, numbers, words, symbols, and simple graphs; and

develop and use models to represent phenomena, objects, and processes or design a prototype for a solution to a problem.

identify basic advantages and limitations of models such as their size, properties, and materials;

analyze data by identifying significant features and patterns;

use mathematical concepts to compare two objects with common attributes; and

evaluate a design or object using criteria to determine if it works as intended.

develop explanations and propose solutions supported by data and models;

communicate explanations and solutions individually and collaboratively in a variety of settings and formats; and

listen actively to others' explanations to identify important evidence and engage respectfully in scientific discussion.

explain how science or an innovation can help others; and

identify scientists and engineers such as Katherine Johnson, Sally Ride, and Ernest Just and explore what different scientists and engineers do.

identify and use patterns to describe phenomena or design solutions;

investigate and predict cause-and-effect relationships in science;

describe the properties of objects in terms of relative size (scale) and relative quantity;

examine the parts of a whole to define or model a system;

identify forms of energy and properties of matter;

describe the relationship between structure and function of objects, organisms, and systems; and

describe how factors or conditions can cause objects, organisms, and systems to either change or stay the same.

classify objects by observable physical properties, including, shape, color, and texture, and attributes such as larger and smaller and heavier and lighter;

explain and predict changes in materials caused by heating and cooling; and

demonstrate and explain that a whole object is a system made of organized parts such as a toy that can be taken apart and put back together.

explain how pushes and pulls can start, stop, or change the speed or direction of an object's motion; and

plan and conduct a descriptive investigation that predicts how pushes and pulls can start, stop, or change the speed or direction of an object's motion.

investigate and describe applications of heat in everyday life such as cooking food or using a clothes dryer; and

describe how some changes caused by heat may be reversed such as melting butter and other changes cannot be reversed such as cooking an egg or baking a cake.

The student is expected to describe and predict the patterns of seasons of the year such as order of occurrence and changes in nature.

investigate and document the properties of particle size, shape, texture, and color and the components of different types of soils such as topsoil, clay, and sand;

investigate and describe how water can move rock and soil particles from one place to another;

compare the properties of puddles, ponds, streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans, including color, clarity, size, shape, and whether it is freshwater or saltwater; and

describe and record observable characteristics of weather, including hot or cold, clear or cloudy, calm or windy, and rainy or icy, and explain the impact of weather on daily choices.