pronouns, including indefinite;
organizing with purposeful structure, including an introduction, transitions, and a conclusion; and
subordinating conjunctions to form complex sentences;
developing an engaging idea reflecting depth of thought with specific facts and details;
capitalization of abbreviations, initials, acronyms, and organizations;
revise drafts to improve sentence structure and word choice by adding, deleting, combining, and rearranging ideas for coherence and clarity;
italics and underlining for titles and emphasis, and punctuation marks, including quotation marks in dialogue and commas in compound and complex sentences; and
edit drafts using standard Spanish conventions, including:
correct spelling of words with grade-appropriate orthographic patterns and rules and high-frequency words; and
complete simple and compound sentences with subject-verb agreement and avoidance of splices, run-ons, and fragments;
publish written work for appropriate audiences.
irregular verbs;
collective nouns;
compose literary texts such as personal narratives, fiction, and poetry using genre characteristics and craft;
adjectives, including those indicating origin, and their comparative and superlative forms;
compose informational texts, including brief compositions that convey information about a topic, using a clear central idea and genre characteristics and craft;
conjunctive adverbs;
compose argumentative texts, including opinion essays, using genre characteristics and craft; and
prepositions and prepositional phrases and their influence on subject-verb agreement;
compose correspondence that requests information.
pronouns, including personal, possessive, objective, reflexive, prepositional, and indefinite;
generate and clarify questions on a topic for formal and informal inquiry;
capitalization of initials, acronyms, and organizations;
develop and follow a research plan with adult assistance;
italics and underlining for titles and emphasis and punctuation marks, including commas in compound and complex sentences, em dash for dialogue, and quotation marks for titles; and
identify and gather relevant information from a variety of sources;
correct spelling of words with grade-appropriate orthographic patterns and rules; and
understand credibility of primary and secondary sources;
demonstrate understanding of information gathered;
differentiate between paraphrasing and plagiarism when using source materials;
develop a bibliography; and
use an appropriate mode of delivery, whether written, oral, or multimodal, to present results.
listen actively to interpret a message, ask clarifying questions, and respond appropriately;
follow and give oral instructions that include multiple action steps;
give an organized presentation with a specific stance and position, employing eye contact, speaking rate, volume, enunciation, natural gestures, and conventions of language to communicate ideas effectively; and
participate in student-led discussions by eliciting and considering suggestions from other group members, taking notes, and identifying points of agreement and disagreement.
demonstrate and apply phonetic knowledge by:
differentiating between commonly confused terms such as porque/porqué/por qué/por que, asimismo (adverbio)/así mismo (de la misma manera), sino/si no, and también/tan bien;
decoding palabras agudas, graves, esdrújulas, and sobresdrújulas (words with the stress on the last, penultimate, and antepenultimat syllable and words with the stress on the syllable before the antepenultimate);
decoding words with hiatus and diphthongs; and
using knowledge of syllable division patterns and morphemes to decode multisyllabic words;
demonstrate and apply spelling knowledge by:
spelling palabras agudas, graves, esdrújulas, and sobresdrújulas (words with the stress on the antepenultimate, penultimate, and ultimate/last syllable and words with the stress on the syllable before the antepenultimate);
marking accents appropriately when conjugating verbs in simple and imperfect past, perfect conditional, and future tenses; and
spelling words with diphthongs and hiatus; and
write legibly in cursive.