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analyze how the setting influences character and plot development.

demonstrate knowledge of literary genres such as realistic fiction, adventure stories, historical fiction, mysteries, humor, myths, fantasy, and science fiction;

analyze the effect of rhyme scheme, meter, and graphical elements such as punctuation and capitalization in poems across a variety of poetic forms;

analyze how playwrights develop characters through dialogue and staging;

the controlling idea or thesis with supporting evidence;

features such as references or acknowledgements; and

organizational patterns that support multiple topics, categories, and subcategories;

identifying the claim;

explaining how the author uses various types of evidence and consideration of alternatives to support the argument; and

identifying the intended audience or reader; and

analyze characteristics of multimodal and digital texts.

explain the author's purpose and message within a text;

analyze how the use of text structure contributes to the author's purpose;

analyze the author's use of print and graphic features to achieve specific purposes;

describe how the author's use of figurative language such as metaphor and personification achieves specific purposes;

identify the use of literary devices, including subjective and objective point of view;

analyze how the author's use of language contributes to mood, voice, and tone; and

explain the purpose of rhetorical devices such as direct address and rhetorical questions and logical fallacies such as loaded language and sweeping generalizations.

plan a first draft by selecting a genre appropriate for a particular topic, purpose, and audience using a range of strategies such as discussion, background reading, and personal interests;

organizing with purposeful structure, including an introduction, transitions, coherence within and across paragraphs, and a conclusion; and

developing an engaging idea reflecting depth of thought with specific facts, details, and examples;

revise drafts for clarity, development, organization, style, word choice, and sentence variety;

complete complex sentences with subject-verb agreement and avoidance of splices, run-ons, and fragments;

consistent, appropriate use of verb tenses;

conjunctive adverbs;

prepositions and prepositional phrases and their influence on subject-verb agreement;

pronoun-antecedent agreement;

subordinating conjunctions to form complex sentences and correlative conjunctions such as either/or and neither/nor;

correct capitalization;

punctuation, including commas to set off words, phrases, and clauses, and semicolons; and

correct spelling, including commonly confused terms such as its/it's, affect/effect, there/their/they're, and to/two/too; and

publish written work for appropriate audiences.

compose literary texts such as personal narratives, fiction, and poetry using genre characteristics and craft;

compose informational texts, including multi-paragraph essays that convey information about a topic, using a clear controlling idea or thesis statement and genre characteristics and craft;

compose multi-paragraph argumentative texts using genre characteristics and craft; and

compose correspondence that reflects an opinion, registers a complaint, or requests information in a business or friendly structure.

generate student-selected and teacher-guided questions for formal and informal inquiry;

develop and revise a plan;

refine the major research question, if necessary, guided by the answers to a secondary set of questions;

identify and gather relevant information from a variety of sources;

differentiate between primary and secondary sources;

synthesize information from a variety of sources;

differentiate between paraphrasing and plagiarism when using source materials;

reliability, credibility, and bias; and

faulty reasoning such as hyperbole, emotional appeals, and stereotype;

display academic citations and use source materials ethically; and

use an appropriate mode of delivery, whether written, oral, or multimodal, to present results.

listen actively to interpret a message by summarizing, asking questions, and making comments;

follow and give complex oral instructions to perform specific tasks, answer questions, or solve problems;

advocate a position using anecdotes, analogies, and/or illustrations employing eye contact, speaking rate, volume, enunciation, a variety of natural gestures, and conventions of language to communicate ideas effectively; and

participate collaboratively in discussions, plan agendas with clear goals and deadlines, set time limits for speakers, take notes, and vote on key issues.

use print or digital resources to determine the meaning, syllabication, pronunciation, word origin, and part of speech;

use context within or beyond a paragraph to clarify the meaning of unfamiliar or ambiguous words; and

determine the meaning and usage of grade-level academic English words derived from Greek and Latin roots such as ast, qui, path, mand/mend, and duc.

Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking--fluency. The student reads grade-level text with fluency and comprehension. The student is expected to adjust fluency when reading grade-level text based on the reading purpose.