S.2.6.B | TEKS Guide

SCIENCE.2.6.B — Vertical Alignment

Vertical alignment shows student expectations in the same subject area at different grade levels that are related to or build upon one another.

Previous grade

S.1.6.B

explain and predict changes in materials caused by heating and cooling; and

S.1.8.A

investigate and describe applications of heat in everyday life such as cooking food or using a clothes dryer; and

S.1.8.B

describe how some changes caused by heat may be reversed such as melting butter and other changes cannot be reversed such as cooking an egg or baking a cake.

S.2.6.B

conduct a descriptive investigation to explain how physical properties can be changed through processes such as cutting, folding, sanding, melting, or freezing; and

S.3.6.C

predict, observe, and record changes in the state of matter caused by heating or cooling in a variety of substances such as ice becoming liquid water, condensation forming on the outside of a glass, or liquid water being heated to the point of becoming water vapor (gas); and

S.6.6.E

identify the formation of a new substance by using the evidence of a possible chemical change, including production of a gas, change in thermal energy, production of a precipitate, and color change.

S.7.6.C

distinguish between physical and chemical changes in matter;

S.8.6.B

use the periodic table to identify the atoms involved in chemical reactions;

IPC.8.A

investigate how changes in properties are indicative of chemical reactions such as hydrochloric acid with a metal, oxidation of metal, combustion, and neutralizing an acid with a base;

CHEM.9.B

differentiate among acid-base reactions, precipitation reactions, and oxidation-reduction reactions;

CHEM.12.D

predict products in acid-base reactions that form water; and

CHEM.13.C

classify processes as exothermic or endothermic and represent energy changes that occur in chemical reactions using thermochemical equations or graphical analysis; and

Next grade

Recurring themes and concepts — Connections to the content

Recurring themes and concepts provide a connective structure for scientific ideas across disciplines. The connection(s) below show some ways that teachers can help students understand how the content they are learning fits into the broader understanding of science. These connections do not represent all possible connections that might be made but highlight some that are appropriate for this grade level.

Patterns

Patterns are regular sequences that can be found throughout nature.

Processes such as cutting, folding, sanding, melting, or freezing create patterns of change in size, shape, and state of matter (solid or liquid.)

Cause-and-effect relationships

Cause-and-effect relationships are relationships between two or more variables or phenomena whereby one variable or event leads to a predictable response. Events have causes—sometimes simple, sometimes multi-faceted.

As processes of change are applied (cause), the physical properties of the materials are changed (effect).

Flow of energy and cycling of matter through systems

Energy flows within a system or between systems through transfers and transformations. Matter is cycled within systems through physical and chemical processes. It is important to note that in kindergarten–grade 2, the foundation of flow of energy and cycling of matter is built by identifying the forms of energy and properties of matter. In grades 3–8, students learn that matter and energy are conserved, changing forms but maintaining quantities.

Changes in material caused by heating come from energy flowing into the materials. Changes caused by freezing come from energy being removed from the materials.

Stability and change

Stability describes a system that does not change at the observed scale. In a stable system, a small disturbance will die out and the system will return to a stable state. Change in the system can come from modifying a factor or condition.

In most instances, materials remain in an unchanging, stable state. However, modification through a physical change (such as cutting, folding, sanding, melting, or freezing) can change one or more of the material's physical properties.

Cross-curricular Connections

The cross-curricular connections are designed to help educators make content connections between the science TEKS and math, English language arts and reading, social studies, and technology applications. The standards below illustrate alignment between grade level content areas which may help educators develop cross-curricular lessons. These connections do not represent all possible connections that might be made.

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Math

English Language Arts and Reading

Technology Applications

Science.2.6.B

SCIENCE.2.6.B — Vertical Alignment

Recurring themes and concepts — Connections to the content

Cross-curricular Connections