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complete simple and compound sentences with subject-verb agreement and avoidance of splices, run-ons, and fragments;

past tense of irregular verbs;

collective nouns;

adjectives, including their comparative and superlative forms;

conjunctive adverbs;

prepositions and prepositional phrases and their influence on subject-verb agreement;

pronouns, including indefinite;

subordinating conjunctions to form complex sentences;

capitalization of abbreviations, initials, acronyms, and organizations;

italics and underlining for titles and emphasis, and punctuation marks, including quotation marks in dialogue and commas in compound and complex sentences; and

correct spelling of words with grade-appropriate orthographic patterns and rules and high-frequency words; and

publish written work for appropriate audiences.

compose literary texts such as personal narratives, fiction, and poetry using genre characteristics and craft;

compose informational texts, including brief compositions that convey information about a topic, using a clear central idea and genre characteristics and craft;

compose argumentative texts, including opinion essays, using genre characteristics and craft; and

compose correspondence that requests information.

generate and clarify questions on a topic for formal and informal inquiry;

develop and follow a research plan with adult assistance;

identify and gather relevant information from a variety of sources;

understand credibility of primary and secondary sources;

demonstrate understanding of information gathered;

differentiate between paraphrasing and plagiarism when using source materials;

develop a bibliography; and

use an appropriate mode of delivery, whether written, oral, or multimodal, to present results.

listen actively to interpret a message, ask clarifying questions, and respond appropriately;

follow and give oral instructions that include multiple action steps;

give an organized presentation with a specific stance and position, employing eye contact, speaking rate, volume, enunciation, natural gestures, and conventions of language to communicate ideas effectively; and

participate in student-led discussions by eliciting and considering suggestions from other group members, taking notes, and identifying points of agreement and disagreement.

use print or digital resources to determine the meaning, syllabication, pronunciation, word origin, and part of speech;

use context such as definition, analogy, and examples to clarify the meaning of words; and

determine the meaning and usage of grade-level academic English words derived from Greek and Latin roots such as mis/mit, bene, man, vac, scrib/script, and jur/jus.

Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking--fluency. The student reads grade-level text with fluency and comprehension. The student is expected to adjust fluency when reading grade-level text based on the reading purpose.

Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking--self-sustained reading. The student reads grade-appropriate texts independently. The student is expected to self-select text and read independently for a sustained period of time.

establish purpose for reading assigned and self-selected text;

generate questions about text before, during, and after reading to deepen understanding and gain information;

make and correct or confirm predictions using text features, characteristics of genre, and structures;

create mental images to deepen understanding;

make connections to personal experiences, ideas in other texts, and society;

make inferences and use evidence to support understanding;

evaluate details read to determine key ideas;

synthesize information to create new understanding; and

monitor comprehension and make adjustments such as re-reading, using background knowledge, asking questions, and annotating when understanding breaks down.

describe personal connections to a variety of sources, including self-selected texts;

write responses that demonstrate understanding of texts, including comparing sources within and across genres;

use text evidence to support an appropriate response;

paraphrase and summarize texts in ways that maintain meaning and logical order;

interact with sources in meaningful ways such as notetaking, annotating, freewriting, or illustrating;

respond using newly acquired vocabulary as appropriate;

discuss and write about the explicit or implicit meanings of text;

respond orally or in writing with appropriate register, vocabulary, tone, and voice; and

reflect on and adjust responses as new evidence is presented.

infer multiple themes within and across texts using text evidence;

analyze how the characters' internal and external responses develop the plot;

analyze plot elements, including rising action, climax, falling action, resolution, and non-linear elements such as flashback; and

analyze how the setting, including historical and cultural settings, influences character and plot development.

demonstrate knowledge of literary genres such as realistic fiction, adventure stories, historical fiction, mysteries, humor, and myths;

analyze the effect of meter and structural elements such as line breaks in poems across a variety of poetic forms;

analyze how playwrights develop characters through dialogue and staging;

the controlling idea or thesis with supporting evidence;