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organizational patterns such as chronological order and cause and effect stated explicitly;

stating what the author is trying to persuade the reader to think or do; and

distinguishing facts from opinion; and

recognize characteristics of multimodal and digital texts.

discuss the author's purpose for writing text;

discuss how the use of text structure contributes to the author's purpose;

discuss the author's use of print and graphic features to achieve specific purposes;

discuss the use of descriptive, literal, and figurative language;

identify the use of first or third person in a text; and

identify and explain the use of repetition.

plan a first draft by generating ideas for writing such as drawing and brainstorming;

organizing with structure; and

developing an idea with specific and relevant details;

revise drafts by adding, deleting, or rearranging words, phrases, or sentences;

complete sentences with subject-verb agreement;

past, present, and future verb tense;

singular, plural, common, and proper nouns;

adjectives, including articles;

adverbs that convey time and adverbs that convey place;

prepositions and prepositional phrases;

pronouns, including subjective, objective, and possessive cases;

coordinating conjunctions to form compound subjects and predicates;

capitalization of months, days of the week, and the salutation and conclusion of a letter;

end punctuation, apostrophes in contractions, and commas with items in a series and in dates; and

correct spelling of words with grade-appropriate orthographic patterns and rules and high-frequency words; and

publish and share writing.

compose literary texts, including personal narratives and poetry;

compose informational texts, including procedural texts and reports; and

compose correspondence such as thank you notes or letters.

generate questions for formal and informal inquiry with adult assistance;

develop and follow a research plan with adult assistance;

identify and gather relevant sources and information to answer the questions;

identify primary and secondary sources;

demonstrate understanding of information gathered;

cite sources appropriately; and

use an appropriate mode of delivery, whether written, oral, or multimodal, to present results.

listen actively, ask relevant questions to clarify information, and make pertinent comments;

follow, restate, and give oral instructions that involve a series of related sequences of action;

speak coherently about the topic under discussion, employing eye contact, speaking rate, volume, enunciation, and the conventions of language to communicate ideas effectively;

decoding multisyllabic words with multiple sound-spelling patterns such as eigh, ough, and en;

decoding multisyllabic words with closed syllables; open syllables; VCe syllables; vowel teams, including digraphs and diphthongs; r-controlled syllables; and final stable syllables;

decoding compound words, contractions, and abbreviations;

decoding words using knowledge of syllable division patterns such as VCCV, VCV, and VCCCV with accent shifts;

decoding words using knowledge of prefixes;

decoding words using knowledge of suffixes, including how they can change base words such as dropping e, changing y to i, and doubling final consonants; and

identifying and reading high-frequency words from a research-based list;

spelling multisyllabic words with closed syllables; open syllables; VCe syllables; vowel teams, including digraphs and diphthongs; r-controlled syllables; and final stable syllables;

spelling homophones;

spelling compound words, contractions, and abbreviations;

spelling multisyllabic words with multiple sound-spelling patterns;

spelling words using knowledge of syllable division patterns such as VCCV, VCV, and VCCCV;

spelling words using knowledge of prefixes; and

spelling words using knowledge of suffixes, including how they can change base words such as dropping e, changing y to i, and doubling final consonants;