S.3.6.C | TEKS Guide

SCIENCE.3.6.C — Vertical Alignment

Vertical alignment shows student expectations in the same subject area at different grade levels that are related to or build upon one another.

Previous grade

S.1.6.B

explain and predict changes in materials caused by heating and cooling; and

S.1.8.A

investigate and describe applications of heat in everyday life such as cooking food or using a clothes dryer; and

S.2.6.B

conduct a descriptive investigation to explain how physical properties can be changed through processes such as cutting, folding, sanding, melting, or freezing; and

S.3.6.C

predict, observe, and record changes in the state of matter caused by heating or cooling in a variety of substances such as ice becoming liquid water, condensation forming on the outside of a glass, or liquid water being heated to the point of becoming water vapor (gas); and

S.6.6.E

identify the formation of a new substance by using the evidence of a possible chemical change, including production of a gas, change in thermal energy, production of a precipitate, and color change.

S.7.6.C

distinguish between physical and chemical changes in matter;

S.8.6.B

use the periodic table to identify the atoms involved in chemical reactions;

IPC.8.A

investigate how changes in properties are indicative of chemical reactions such as hydrochloric acid with a metal, oxidation of metal, combustion, and neutralizing an acid with a base;

CHEM.9.B

differentiate among acid-base reactions, precipitation reactions, and oxidation-reduction reactions;

CHEM.12.D

predict products in acid-base reactions that form water; and

CHEM.13.C

classify processes as exothermic or endothermic and represent energy changes that occur in chemical reactions using thermochemical equations or graphical analysis; and

Next grade

Recurring themes and concepts — Connections to the content

Recurring themes and concepts provide a connective structure for scientific ideas across disciplines. The connection(s) below show some ways that teachers can help students understand how the content they are learning fits into the broader understanding of science. These connections do not represent all possible connections that might be made but highlight some that are appropriate for this grade level.

Patterns

Patterns are regular sequences that can be found throughout nature.

As heat is added, substances tend to change state from solid to liquid to gas (pattern), and as heat is removed (cooling), substances tend to change from gas to liquid to solid (pattern).

Cause-and-effect relationships

Cause-and-effect relationships are relationships between two or more variables or phenomena whereby one variable or event leads to a predictable response. Events have causes—sometimes simple, sometimes multi-faceted.

When enough heat is added or removed (cause), the substance will change state (effect).

Scale, proportion, and quantity in systems

It is important to consider how changes in scale, proportion, or quantity affect a system’s structure or performance. Scale refers to the size of an object in relation to another object or its environment. Proportion is the ratio of one quantity to another. Quantity is a count of a set of objects or a measurement of a substance.

Increasing or decreasing temperature (quantity) causes changes in the states of matter.

Flow of energy and cycling of matter through systems

Matter and energy are conserved, changing forms but maintaining quantities. Energy flows within a system or between systems through transfers and transformations. Matter is cycled within systems through physical and chemical processes.

Heat energy flows into and out of substances.

Stability and change

Stability describes a system that does not change at the observed scale. In a stable system, a small disturbance will die out and the system will return to a stable state. Change in the system can come from modifying a factor or condition.

Most matter exists in a stable state or form, but a change in temperature (the addition or removal of enough heat) can cause the matter to change state.

Cross-curricular Connections

The cross-curricular connections are designed to help educators make content connections between the science TEKS and math, English language arts and reading, social studies, and technology applications. The standards below illustrate alignment between grade level content areas which may help educators develop cross-curricular lessons. These connections do not represent all possible connections that might be made.

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Math

English Language Arts and Reading

Technology Applications

Science.3.6.C

SCIENCE.3.6.C — Vertical Alignment

Recurring themes and concepts — Connections to the content

Cross-curricular Connections