A student expectation is directly related to the knowledge and skills statement, is more specific about how students demonstrate their learning, and always begins with a verb. Student expectations are further broken down into their component parts, often referred to as “breakouts.”
Vertical alignment shows student expectations in the same subject area at different grade levels that are related to or build upon one another.
classify objects by observable physical properties, including, shape, color, and texture, and attributes such as larger and smaller and heavier and lighter;
classify matter by observable physical properties, including texture, flexibility, and relative temperature, and identify whether a material is a solid or liquid;
measure, test, and record physical properties of matter, including temperature, mass, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float in water;
describe and classify samples of matter as solids, liquids, and gases and demonstrate that solids have a definite shape and that liquids and gases take the shape of their container;
classify and describe matter using observable physical properties, including temperature, mass, magnetism, relative density (the ability to sink or float in water), and physical state (solid, liquid, gas);
Patterns are regular sequences that can be found throughout nature.
Patterns exist in the structure and behavior of the particles of solids, liquids, and gases.
Cause-and-effect relationships are relationships between two or more variables or phenomena whereby one variable or event leads to a predictable response. Events have causes—sometimes simple, sometimes multi-faceted.
The state of matter of a substance (effect) depends on the amount of kinetic energy within the particles of the substance (cause).
It is important to consider how changes in scale, proportion, or quantity affect a system’s structure or performance. Scale refers to the size of an object in relation to another object or its environment. Proportion is the ratio of one quantity to another. Quantity is a count of a set of objects or a measurement of a substance.
Models are used to explore the small scale of particles in matter. The particles of a substance can only be sensed and measured if there is a sufficient aggregate quantity. The particles of a substance have kinetic energy, which determines the proportion of the amount of space they occupy (volume) compared to the quantity of particles (mass).
Stability describes a system that does not change at the observed scale. In a stable system, a small disturbance will die out and the system will return to a stable state. Change in the system can come from modifying a factor or condition.
Most matter exists in a stable state or form, but a change in the kinetic energy of the particles can cause a change in state.