Science.8.6.D

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The student is expected to compare and contrast the properties of acids and bases, including pH relative to water; and
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Knowledge and Skills Statement

Matter and energy. The student understands that matter can be classified according to its properties and matter is conserved in chemical changes that occur within closed systems.

Below is a pH scale from zero to fourteen with examples of solutions at each interval.  Solutions listed with pH less than 7 are acids.  Solutions listed with a pH greater than 7 are bases.

any substance that in aqueous (water) solution tastes sour, changes blue litmus paper to red, reacts with some metals to liberate hydrogen, reacts with bases to form salts, promotes chemical reactions (acid catalysis), and has a pH less than 7

any substance that in aqueous (water) solution is slippery to the touch, tastes bitter, changes the color of indicators (e.g., turns red litmus paper blue), reacts with acids to form salts, promotes certain chemical reactions (base catalysis), and has a pH greater than 7

a type of change in which a new substance is made from one or more previous substances; occurs during a chemical reaction; a change where the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to make new elements and/or compounds

a physical system that does not allow transfer of matter in or out, although energy can flow into and out of the system

substance that occupies space, has mass, and is composed of microscopic particles
 

a measure of acidity and alkalinity of a solution that is a number on a scale from 0-14 where 7 represents a neutral solution, lower numbers indicate increasing acidity, and higher numbers indicate a base; a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen (H+) and hydroxyl (OH-) ions in the water

characteristic of matter that can be used to identify particular materials

Research

Townsend, Jeffery, and Kim Bunton. “Indicators for Inquiry.” Science and Children, 43, no. 5 (2006):37–41. https://www.proquest.com/docview/236938197?pqorigsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true&sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals

Summary: Using the 5E model of learning (Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, and Evaluate,)"Indicators for Inquiry "asks students to create their own pH indicator and use it to investigate the pH property of liquids or solutions and determine whether the substance is an acid, base or is neutral.