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  • Science
  • Grade 2
  • Force, motion, and energy

Science.2.7.B

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The student is expected to

plan and conduct a descriptive investigation to demonstrate how the strength of a push and pull changes an object's motion.

A student expectation is directly related to the knowledge and skills statement, is more specific about how students demonstrate their learning, and always begins with a verb. Student expectations are further broken down into their component parts, often referred to as “breakouts.”

  • Overview
  • Alignments
Side-by-Side 

SCIENCE.2.7.B — Vertical Alignment

Vertical alignment shows student expectations in the same subject area at different grade levels that are related to or build upon one another.

S.1.7.B

plan and conduct a descriptive investigation that predicts how pushes and pulls can start, stop, or change the speed or direction of an object's motion.

S.2.7.B

plan and conduct a descriptive investigation to demonstrate how the strength of a push and pull changes an object's motion.

S.3.7.B

plan and conduct a descriptive investigation to demonstrate and explain how position and motion can be changed by pushing and pulling objects such as swings, balls, and wagons.

S.5.7.A
investigate and explain how equal and unequal forces acting on an object cause patterns of motion and transfer of energy; and
S.6.7.B
calculate the net force on an object in a horizontal or vertical direction using diagrams and determine if the forces are balanced or unbalanced; and
S.6.7.C
identify simultaneous force pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction that result from the interactions between objects using Newton's Third Law of Motion.
S.7.7.D
analyze the effect of balanced and unbalanced forces on the state of motion of an object using Newton's First Law of Motion.
S.8.7.A
calculate and analyze how the acceleration of an object is dependent upon the net force acting on the object and the mass of the object using Newton's Second Law of Motion; and
S.8.7.B
investigate and describe how Newton's three laws of motion act simultaneously within systems such as in vehicle restraints, sports activities, amusement park rides, Earth's tectonic activities, and rocket launches.
PHYS.5.E
explain and apply the concepts of equilibrium and inertia as represented by Newton's first law of motion using relevant real-world examples such as rockets, satellites, and automobile safety devices;
PHYS.5.G
illustrate and analyze the simultaneous forces between two objects as represented in Newton's third law of motion using free body diagrams and in an experimental design scenario; and
Next grade

Recurring themes and concepts — Connections to the content

Recurring themes and concepts provide a connective structure for scientific ideas across disciplines. The connection(s) below show some ways that teachers can help students understand how the content they are learning fits into the broader understanding of science. These connections do not represent all possible connections that might be made but highlight some that are appropriate for this grade level.
Patterns

Patterns are regular sequences that can be found throughout nature.

Patterns of change in an object's motion form based on the amount of force applied.

Cause-and-effect relationships

Cause-and-effect relationships are relationships between two or more variables or phenomena whereby one variable or event leads to a predictable response. Events have causes—sometimes simple, sometimes multi-faceted.

As the strength of a push or pull is changed (cause), an object's motion changes (effect).

Scale, proportion, and quantity in systems

It is important to consider how changes in scale, proportion, or quantity affect a system’s structure or performance. Scale refers to the size of an object in relation to another object or its environment. Proportion is the ratio of one quantity to another. Quantity is a count of a set of objects or a measurement of a substance. It is important to note that in kindergarten – grade 2, students will only describe objects in terms of size (scale) and quantity. 

The strength of the push or pull is a quantity on a relative scale.

Stability and change

Stability describes a system that does not change at the observed scale. In a stable system, a small disturbance will die out and the system will return to a stable state. Change in the system can come from modifying a factor or condition.

Objects remain in an unchanging, stable state of motion. Modifying a condition or factor (the strength of a push or a pull) might cause the object to start, stop, or change its motion.

Cross-curricular Connections

The cross-curricular connections are designed to help educators make content connections between the science TEKS and math, English language arts and reading, social studies, and technology applications. The standards below illustrate alignment between grade level content areas which may help educators develop cross-curricular lessons. These connections do not represent all possible connections that might be made.
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Math

Math.2.1.B use a problem-solving model that incorporates analyzing given information, formulating a plan or strategy, determining a solution, justifying the solution, and evaluating the problem-solving process and the reasonableness of the solution

Math.2.1.C select tools, including real objects, manipulatives, paper and pencil, and technology as appropriate, and techniques, including mental math, estimation, and number sense as appropriate, to solve problems

Math.2.1.E create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas

Math.2.9.A find the length of objects using concrete models for standard units of length

Math.2.9.C represent whole numbers as distances from any given location on a number line

Math.2.9.D determine the length of an object to the nearest marked unit using rulers, yardsticks, meter sticks, or measuring tapes

Social Studies

SS.2.14.A identify individuals who have exhibited individualism and inventiveness such as Amelia Earhart

English Language Arts and Reading

ELAR.2.1.C share information and ideas that focus on the topic under discussion, speaking clearly at an appropriate pace and using the conventions of language

ELAR.2.1.D work collaboratively with others by following agreed‐upon rules for discussion, including listening to others, speaking when recognized, making appropriate contributions, and building on the ideas of others

ELAR.2.6.E make connections to personal experiences, ideas in other texts, and society

ELAR.2.13.A generate questions for formal and informal inquiry with adult assistance

ELAR.2.13.B develop and follow a research plan with adult assistance

ELAR.2.13.G use an appropriate mode of delivery, whether written, oral, or multimodal, to present result

Technology Applications

TA.2.1.A identify and communicate a problem or task and break down (decompose) multiple solutions into sequential steps

TA.2.1.C analyze a plan with adult assistance that outlines the steps needed to complete a task

TA.2.1.D create and troubleshoot simple algorithms (step-by-step instructions) that include conditionals such as if-then statements as they apply to an everyday task

TA.2.3.A demonstrate personal skills and behaviors, including effective communication, following directions, and mental agility, needed to implement a design process successfully

TA.2.10.A select and use a variety of applications, devices, and online learning environments to create and share content

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