explain and predict changes in materials caused by heating and cooling; and
A student expectation is directly related to the knowledge and skills statement, is more specific about how students demonstrate their learning, and always begins with a verb. Student expectations are further broken down into their component parts, often referred to as “breakouts.”
Vertical alignment shows student expectations in the same subject area at different grade levels that are related to or build upon one another.
identify and record observable physical properties of objects, including shape, color, texture, and material, and generate ways to classify objects.
explain and predict changes in materials caused by heating and cooling; and
investigate and describe applications of heat in everyday life such as cooking food or using a clothes dryer; and
conduct a descriptive investigation to explain how physical properties can be changed through processes such as cutting, folding, sanding, melting, or freezing; and
predict, observe, and record changes in the state of matter caused by heating or cooling in a variety of substances such as ice becoming liquid water, condensation forming on the outside of a glass, or liquid water being heated to the point of becoming water vapor (gas); and
Patterns are regular sequences that can be found throughout nature.
Adding or removing heat causes predictable patterns of change in materials.
Cause and effect relationships are relationships between two or more variables or phenomena whereby one variable or event leads to a predictable response. Events have causes—sometimes simple, sometimes multi-faceted.
As heat is applied or removed (cause), changes to materials might be observed (effect).
Energy flows within a system or between systems through transfers and transformations. Matter is cycled within systems through physical and chemical processes. It is important to note that in kindergarten–grade 2, the foundation of flow of energy and cycling of matter is built by identifying the forms of energy and properties of matter. In grades 3–8, students learn that matter and energy are conserved, changing forms but maintaining quantities.
Changes in materials caused by heating result from energy flowing into the materials, while changes caused by cooling result from energy being removed from the materials.
Stability describes a system that does not change at the observed scale. In a stable system, a small disturbance will die out and the system will return to a stable state. Change in the system can come from modifying a factor or condition.
In most instances, materials remain in an unchanging, stable state. Modifying a condition or factor (applying or removing heat) can cause materials to change one or more physical property properties.
Math.1.1.G display, explain, and justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language in written or oral communication
ELAR.1.1.C share information and ideas about the topic under discussion, speaking clearly at an appropriate pace and using the conventions of language
ELAR.1.13.C identify and gather relevant sources and information to answer the questions with adult assistance