A student expectation is directly related to the knowledge and skills statement, is more specific about how students demonstrate their learning, and always begins with a verb. Student expectations are further broken down into their component parts, often referred to as “breakouts.”
Vertical alignment shows student expectations in the same subject area at different grade levels that are related to or build upon one another.
explain how pushes and pulls can start, stop, or change the speed or direction of an object's motion; and
plan and conduct a descriptive investigation that predicts how pushes and pulls can start, stop, or change the speed or direction of an object's motion.
plan and conduct a descriptive investigation to demonstrate how the strength of a push and pull changes an object's motion.
plan and conduct a descriptive investigation to demonstrate and explain how position and motion can be changed by pushing and pulling objects such as swings, balls, and wagons.
Patterns are regular sequences that can be found throughout nature.
Newton's laws of motion describe objects' predictable and reliable patterns of motion.
Cause-and-effect relationships are relationships between two or more variables or phenomena whereby one variable or event leads to a predictable response. Events have causes—sometimes simple, sometimes multi-faceted.
When a nonzero net force acts on an object (cause), it affects the object's motion by causing acceleration [first law] which can be calculated [second law]. When two objects interact (cause), each will exert an equal force on the other (effect). When objects come in contact (cause), each will simultaneously exert an equal force on the other (effect) [third law].
It is important to consider how changes in scale, proportion, or quantity affect a system’s structure or performance. Scale refers to the size of an object in relation to another object or its environment. Proportion is the ratio of one quantity to another. Quantity is a count of a set of objects or a measurement of a substance.
Acceleration (the ratio of force to mass) has a direct proportional relationship to the net force (quantity) and an inverse proportional relationship to the object's mass (quantity).
Stability describes a system that does not change at the observed scale. In a stable system, a small disturbance will die out and the system will return to a stable state. Change in the system can come from modifying a factor or condition.
In some systems, the net force on an object will be zero and the motion of the object will not change (stability), but in other instances, the net force will not be zero and the motion of objects within that system will change.
ELAR.8.5.E make connections to personal experiences, ideas in other texts, and society
ELAR.8.5.F make inferences and use evidence to support understanding
ELAR.8.5.H synthesize information to create new understanding
ELAR.8.12.A generate student‐selected and teacher‐guided questions for formal and informal inquiry
ELAR.8.12.J use an appropriate mode of delivery, whether written, oral, or multimodal, to present results