S.8.7.B | TEKS Guide

SCIENCE.8.7.B — Vertical Alignment

Vertical alignment shows student expectations in the same subject area at different grade levels that are related to or build upon one another.

Previous grade

S.1.7.A

explain how pushes and pulls can start, stop, or change the speed or direction of an object's motion; and

S.1.7.B

plan and conduct a descriptive investigation that predicts how pushes and pulls can start, stop, or change the speed or direction of an object's motion.

S.2.7.B

plan and conduct a descriptive investigation to demonstrate how the strength of a push and pull changes an object's motion.

S.3.7.B

plan and conduct a descriptive investigation to demonstrate and explain how position and motion can be changed by pushing and pulling objects such as swings, balls, and wagons.

S.5.7.A

investigate and explain how equal and unequal forces acting on an object cause patterns of motion and transfer of energy; and

S.6.7.B

calculate the net force on an object in a horizontal or vertical direction using diagrams and determine if the forces are balanced or unbalanced; and

S.6.7.C

identify simultaneous force pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction that result from the interactions between objects using Newton's Third Law of Motion.

S.7.7.D

analyze the effect of balanced and unbalanced forces on the state of motion of an object using Newton's First Law of Motion.

S.8.7.A

calculate and analyze how the acceleration of an object is dependent upon the net force acting on the object and the mass of the object using Newton's Second Law of Motion; and

S.8.7.B

investigate and describe how Newton's three laws of motion act simultaneously within systems such as in vehicle restraints, sports activities, amusement park rides, Earth's tectonic activities, and rocket launches.

PHYS.5.E

explain and apply the concepts of equilibrium and inertia as represented by Newton's first law of motion using relevant real-world examples such as rockets, satellites, and automobile safety devices;

PHYS.5.G

illustrate and analyze the simultaneous forces between two objects as represented in Newton's third law of motion using free body diagrams and in an experimental design scenario; and

Recurring themes and concepts — Connections to the content

Recurring themes and concepts provide a connective structure for scientific ideas across disciplines. The connection(s) below show some ways that teachers can help students understand how the content they are learning fits into the broader understanding of science. These connections do not represent all possible connections that might be made but highlight some that are appropriate for this grade level.

Patterns

Patterns are regular sequences that can be found throughout nature.

Newton's laws of motion describe objects' predictable and reliable patterns of motion.

Cause-and-effect relationships

Cause-and-effect relationships are relationships between two or more variables or phenomena whereby one variable or event leads to a predictable response. Events have causes—sometimes simple, sometimes multi-faceted.

When a nonzero net force acts on an object (cause), it affects the object's motion by causing acceleration [first law] which can be calculated [second law]. When two objects interact (cause), each will exert an equal force on the other (effect). When objects come in contact (cause), each will simultaneously exert an equal force on the other (effect) [third law].

Scale, proportion, and quantity in systems

It is important to consider how changes in scale, proportion, or quantity affect a system’s structure or performance. Scale refers to the size of an object in relation to another object or its environment. Proportion is the ratio of one quantity to another. Quantity is a count of a set of objects or a measurement of a substance.

Acceleration (the ratio of force to mass) has a direct proportional relationship to the net force (quantity) and an inverse proportional relationship to the object's mass (quantity).

Stability and change

Stability describes a system that does not change at the observed scale. In a stable system, a small disturbance will die out and the system will return to a stable state. Change in the system can come from modifying a factor or condition.

In some systems, the net force on an object will be zero and the motion of the object will not change (stability), but in other instances, the net force will not be zero and the motion of objects within that system will change.

Cross-curricular Connections

The cross-curricular connections are designed to help educators make content connections between the science TEKS and math, English language arts and reading, social studies, and technology applications. The standards below illustrate alignment between grade level content areas which may help educators develop cross-curricular lessons. These connections do not represent all possible connections that might be made.

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English Language Arts and Reading

Science.8.7.B

SCIENCE.8.7.B — Vertical Alignment

Recurring themes and concepts — Connections to the content

Cross-curricular Connections