A student expectation is directly related to the knowledge and skills statement, is more specific about how students demonstrate their learning, and always begins with a verb. Student expectations are further broken down into their component parts, often referred to as “breakouts.”
Vertical alignment shows student expectations in the same subject area at different grade levels that are related to or build upon one another.
communicate the idea that objects can only be seen when a light source is present and compare the effects of different amounts of light on the appearance of objects; and
demonstrate and explain that light travels through some objects and is blocked by other objects, creating shadows.
identify everyday examples of energy, including light, sound, thermal, and mechanical; and
Patterns are regular sequences that can be found throughout nature.
The pattern of light behavior (reflection, refraction, and absorption) can be predicted based on a material's properties. For example, transparent and translucent material will refract, shiny surfaces will reflect, and opaque materials will absorb the light.
Cause-and-effect relationships are relationships between two or more variables or phenomena whereby one variable or event leads to a predictable response. Events have causes—sometimes simple, sometimes multi-faceted.
The nature of the object that light strikes (cause) determines the change (effect) in the behavior of the light (reflection, refraction, or absorption).