IPC.6 — Vertical Alignment
Vertical alignment shows student expectations in the same subject area at different grade levels that are related to or build upon one another.
communicate the idea that objects can only be seen when a light source is present and compare the effects of different amounts of light on the appearance of objects; and
demonstrate and explain that light travels through some objects and is blocked by other objects, creating shadows.
identify everyday examples of energy, including light, sound, thermal, and mechanical; and
demonstrate and explain how light travels in a straight line and can be reflected, refracted, or absorbed.
IPC.6
Science consists of recurring themes and making connections between overarching concepts. Recurring themes include systems, models, and patterns. All systems have basic properties that can be described in space, time, energy, and matter. Change and constancy occur in systems as patterns and can be observed, measured, and modeled. These patterns help to make predictions that can be scientifically tested, while models allow for boundary specification and provide a tool for understanding the ideas presented. Students should analyze a system in terms of its components and how these components relate to each other, to the whole, and to the external environment.
explain how electrons can transition from a high energy level to a low energy state, emitting photons at different frequencies for different energy transitions;
describe the photoelectric effect and emission spectra produced by various atoms and how both are explained by the photon model for light;
investigate the emission spectra produced by various atoms and explain the relationship to the electromagnetic spectrum; and
describe and predict image formation as a consequence of reflection from a plane mirror and refraction through a thin convex lens.