Sections
Review Questions
Review Questions
1.
How are GMOs created?
- introducing recombinant DNA into an organism by any means
- in vitro fertilization methods
- mutagenesis
- plant breeding techniques
2.
Which technique used to manipulate genetic material results in a significant increase in DNA or RNA fragments?
- gel electrophoresis
- nucleic acid extraction
- nuclear hybridization
- polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
3.
What is the role of the plasmid in molecular cloning?
- They are used to create clones.
- They are used as vectors to insert genes into bacteria.
- They are a functional part of binary fission.
- They contain the circular chromosome of prokaryotic organisms.
4.
What is meant by a recombinant DNA molecule?
- chimeric molecules
- bacteria transformed into another species
- molecules that have been through the PCR process
- the result of crossing over during cell reproduction
5.
Bt toxin is considered to be what?
- a gene for modifying insect DNA
- an organic insecticide produced by bacteria
6.
What is one trait of the Flavr Savr Tomato?
- has a better shelf life
- is not a variety of vine-ripened tomato in the supermarket
- was not created to have better flavor
- undergoes soft rot
7.
What is the first step in isolating DNA?
- generating genomic DNA fragments with restriction endonucleases
- introducing recombinant DNA into an organism by any means
- overexpressing proteins in E. coli
- lysing the cells in the sample
8.
What is genomics?
- Genomics is the study of entire genomes, including the complete set of genes, their nucleotide sequence and organization, and their interactions within a species and with other species.
- Genomics is the process of finding the locations of genes on each chromosome.
- Genomics is an illustration that lists genes and their location on a chromosome.
- Genomics is a genetic marker, a gene or sequence on a chromosome that co-segregates (shows genetic linkage) with a specific trait.
9.
What is required in addition to a genetic linkage map to build a complete picture of the genome?
- a genetic marker
- a physical map
- linkage analysis of chromosomes
- plasmids
10.
Genetic recombination occurs by which process?
- crossing over
- chromosome segregation
- independent assortment
- sister chromatids
11.
Individual genetic maps in a given species are ________.
- genetically similar
- genetically identical
- genetically dissimilar
- not useful in species analysis
12.
Information obtained by microscopic analysis of stained chromosomes is used in what procedure?
- cytogenetic mapping
- radiation hybrid mapping
- RFLP mapping
- sequence mapping
13.
Which of the following is true about linkage analysis?
- It is used to create a physical map.
- It is based on the natural recombination process.
- It involves the breaking and re-joining of DNA artificially.
- It requires radiation hybrid mapping.
14.
What does the chain termination method of DNA sequencing use to terminate polynucleotide elongation?
- Labeled dideoxynucleotide
- Unlabeled dideoxynucleotides
- Labeled deoxynucleotides
- Unlabeled deoxynucleotides
15.
What sequencing technique is used to identify regions of similarity between cell types or species?
- dideoxy chain termination
- proteins, DNA, or RNA sequence alignment
- shotgun sequencing
- whole-exome sequencing
16.
Whole-genome sequencing can be used for advances in what field?
- bioinformatics
- iron industry
- multimedia
- the medical field
17.
Sequencing an individual person's genome ________.
- is currently impossible
- will not lead to legal issues regarding discrimination and privacy
- will not help make informed choices about medical treatment
18.
Genomics can be used in agriculture to do what?
- generate new hybrid strains
- improve disease resistance
- improve yield
- improve yield and resistance and generate hybrids
19.
What are the uses of metagenomics?
- identification of biofuels
- testing for multiple drug susceptibility in a population
- use in increasing agricultural yields
- identifying new species more rapidly and analyzing the effect of pollutants on the environment
20.
Genomics can be used on a personal level to do what?
- determine the risks of genetic diseases for an individual’s children
- increase transplant rejection
- predict the career success of a person
- produce antibodies for an antigen
21.
What is the percentage of single gene defects causing disease in developed countries?
- 0.05
- 0.1
- 0.2
- 0.4
22.
The rapid identification of new species and the analysis of the effect of pollutants on the environment is a function of what?
- metagenomics
- linkage analysis
- genomics
- shotgun sequencing
23.
The risks of genetic diseases for an individual’s children can be determined through ________.
- metagenomics
- linkage analysis
- genomics
- shotgun sequencing
24.
What is a biomarker?
- the color coding of different genes
- a protein uniquely produced in a diseased state
- a molecule in the genome or proteome
- a marker that is genetically inherited
25.
What is a metabolome?
- a provisional listing of the genome of a species
- a unique metabolite used to identify an individual
- a method used for protein analysis
- the complete set of metabolites related to the genetic makeup of an organism
26.
How would you describe a set of proteins with altered expression levels?
- a group of biomarkers
- a protein signature
- the result of a defect in mRNA transcription
- the results of crossing over during cell replication
27.
What is a protein signature?
- a protein expressed on the cell surface
- a unique set of proteins present in a diseased state
- the path followed by a protein after it is synthesized in the nucleus
- the path followed by a protein in the cytoplasm
28.
What word describes a protein that is uniquely produced in a diseased state?
- a genomic protein
- a genetic defect
- a chimeric molecule
- a biomarker
29.
The metabolites that results from the anabolic and catabolic reactions of an organisms is called what?
- genetic metabolic profile
- metabolic signature
- metabolome
- metagenomics