Review Questions
- DNA to mRNA to protein
- DNA to mRNA to tRNA to protein
- DNA to protein to mRNA to protein
- mRNA to DNA to mRNA to protein
- DNA and protein from B
- DNA and protein from A
- DNA from A and protein from B
- DNA from B and protein from A
The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify isoleucine. What feature of the genetic code explains this?
- complementarity
- degeneracy
- nonsense codons
- universality
Which of the following molecules does not contain genetic information?
- DNA
- mRNA
- protein
- RNA
Which molecule in the central dogma can be compared to a disposable photocopy of a book kept on reserve in the library?
- DNA
- mRNA
- protein
- tRNA
Which subunit of the E. coli polymerase confers specificity to transcription?
- α
- β
- β′
- σ
Why are the −10 and −35 regions of prokaryotic promoters called consensus sequences?
- They are identical in all bacterial species.
- They are similar in all bacterial species.
- They exist in all organisms.
- They have the same function in all organisms.
The sequence that signals the end of transcription is called the ________.
- promoter.=
- stop codon.=
- TATA box.=
- terminator.=
- It depends on the gene.
- No, the rho protein is essential.
- Transcription termination is not required.
- Yes, the rho protein is not involved in transcription.
- GC box
- octamer box
- TATA box
- -10 and -35 sequences
- elongation
- initiation
- processing
- termination
- polymerase I
- polymerase II
- polymerase III
- ribonuclease I
What transcripts will be most affected by low levels of α-amanitin?
- 18S and 28S rRNAs
- 5S rRNAs and tRNAs
- other small nuclear RNAs
- pre-mRNAs
- Eukaryotic transcription does not start at a consensus sequence.
- Eukaryotic transcription does not require an initiation complex.
- Eukaryotic transcription and translation do not take place at the same time.
- Eukaryotic transcription does not require a termination sequence.
A poly-A sequence is added at the:
- 5′ end of a transcript in the nucleus
- 3′-end of a transcript in the nucleus
- 5′ end of a transcript in the cytoplasm
- 3′-end of a transcript in the cytoplasm
- poly-A tail
- RNA editing
- splicing
- 7-methylguanosine cap
- cytoplasm
- endoplasmic reticulum
- nucleus
- nucleolus
- cleavage
- methylation
- nucleotide modification
- splicing
- DNA sequences to which polymerases bind
- the processed mRNA
- translated DNA sequences in a gene
- untranslated DNA sequences in a gene
- adenine
- leucine
- methionine
- thymine
In any given species, there are at least how many types of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases?
- 20
- 40
- 100
- 200
In prokaryotic cells, ribosomes are found in/on the ________.
- cytoplasm
- mitochondrion
- nucleus
- endoplasmic reticulum
The peptide bond synthesis in prokaryotic translation is catalyzed by ________.
- a ribosomal protein
- a cytoplasmic protein
- mRNA itself
- ribosomal RNA
What would happen if the 5′-methyl guanosine was not added to an mRNA?
- The transcript would degrade when the mRNA moves out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
- The mRNA molecule would stabilize and start the process of translation within the nucleus of the cell.
- The mRNA molecule would move out of the nucleus and create more copies of the mRNA molecule.
- The mRNA molecule would not be able to add the poly-A tail on its strand at the 5′ end.
Which of the following is associated with the docking of mRNA on a ribosome in eukaryotic cells?
- Kozak’s rules
- poly-A sequence
- Shine-Dalgarno sequence
- TATA box