A student expectation is directly related to the knowledge and skills statement, is more specific about how students demonstrate their learning, and always begins with a verb. Student expectations are further broken down into their component parts, often referred to as “breakouts.”
Vertical alignment shows student expectations in the same subject area at different grade levels that are related to or build upon one another.
Patterns are regular sequences that can be found throughout nature.
Natural and artificial selection have different patterns in how traits change over time. For example, natural selection is random, and artificial selection is purposeful. Natural selection is driven by the environment, and artificial selection is purposefully manipulated by humans.
Cause-and-effect relationships are relationships between two or more variables or phenomena whereby one variable or event leads to a predictable response. Events have causes—sometimes simple, sometimes multi-faceted.
When humans selectively breed or cultivate organisms (cause), the offspring are more likely to show the desired traits (effect). In natural selection, it is environmental factors (cause) that will determine which traits are desirable and, therefore, which organisms have greater reproductive success (effect).
It is important to consider how changes in scale, proportion, or quantity affect a system’s structure or performance. Scale refers to the size of an object in relation to another object or its environment. Proportion is the ratio of one quantity to another. Quantity is a count of a set of objects or a measurement of a substance.
The occurrence of traits in a population is most easily discussed in terms of the quantity of organisms with a particular trait in relation to the total population (proportion). In artificial selection, humans cause the population's ratio of a desired trait to increase over time. In natural selection, environmental pressures affect the ratios of various traits.
Math.7.12.B use data from a random sample to make inferences about a population
Math.7.12.C compare two populations based on data in random samples from these populations, including informal comparative inferences about differences between the two populations
ELAR.7.5.F make inferences and use evidence to support understanding
ELAR.7.5.H synthesize information to create new understanding
ELAR.7.6.C use text evidence to support an appropriate response