A student expectation is directly related to the knowledge and skills statement, is more specific about how students demonstrate their learning, and always begins with a verb. Student expectations are further broken down into their component parts, often referred to as “breakouts.”
Vertical alignment shows student expectations in the same subject area at different grade levels that are related to or build upon one another.
Cause-and-effect relationships are relationships between two or more variables or phenomena whereby one variable or event leads to a predictable response. Events have causes—sometimes simple, sometimes multi-faceted.
Human activities such as building land bridges over a highway (cause) can positively affect the environment by allowing animals to migrate across the road to reach necessary resources. Human activities such as cutting down a forest to build houses (cause) can hurt the environment by removing resources organisms need to survive.
Matter and energy are conserved, changing forms but maintaining quantities. Energy flows within a system or between systems through transfers and transformations. Matter is cycled within systems through physical and chemical processes.
Human activities affect an ecosystem by altering the flow of energy or cycling of matter. This may be beneficial or harmful to the ecosystem.
Stability describes a system that does not change at the observed scale. In a stable system, a small disturbance will die out and the system will return to a stable state. Change in the system can come from modifying a factor or condition.
Healthy environments are inherently stable but can be disrupted by human activity with beneficial or harmful results.
Math.5.1.A apply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace
SS.5.8.A describe how and why people have adapted to and modified their environment in the United States such as the use of human resources to meet basic needs
SS.5.8.B analyze the positive and negative consequences of human modification of the environment in the United States