A student expectation is directly related to the knowledge and skills statement, is more specific about how students demonstrate their learning, and always begins with a verb. Student expectations are further broken down into their component parts, often referred to as “breakouts.”
Vertical alignment shows student expectations in the same subject area at different grade levels that are related to or build upon one another.
investigate and describe how water can move rock and soil particles from one place to another;
investigate and describe how wind and water move soil and rock particles across the Earth's surface such as wind blowing sand into dunes on a beach or a river carrying rocks as it flows;
model and describe rapid changes in Earth's surface such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and landslides.
model and describe slow changes to Earth's surface caused by weathering, erosion, and deposition from water, wind, and ice; and
Patterns are regular sequences that can be found throughout nature.
Each type of landform has particular characteristics (patterns) that allow students to predict the method by which it was formed.
Cause-and-effect relationships are relationships between two or more variables or phenomena whereby one variable or event leads to a predictable response. Events have causes—sometimes simple, sometimes multi-faceted.
The weathering and erosion of rock by water or ice (cause) results in the formation of canyons (effect). Deltas (effect) are produced by the deposition of sediment by water (cause), and sand dunes (effect) form when wind deposits sediment (cause).
Matter and energy are conserved, changing forms but maintaining quantities. Energy flows within a system or between systems through transfers and transformations. Matter is cycled within systems through physical and chemical processes.
The formation of landforms is an example of cycling of matter because the matter from which landforms are created is already in the environment (system). For example, sand dunes are formed from sand and other weathered rock particles that is already present in the environment.
Stability describes a system that does not change at the observed scale. In a stable system, a small disturbance will die out and the system will return to a stable state. Change in the system can come from modifying a factor or condition.
Over short time periods, most landforms appear to be stable. However over years, decades, or centuries, changes can be observed.
SS.5.6.B describe regions in the United States based on physical characteristics such as landform, climate, and vegetation