identify conductors and insulators of thermal and electrical energy; and
A student expectation is directly related to the knowledge and skills statement, is more specific about how students demonstrate their learning, and always begins with a verb. Student expectations are further broken down into their component parts, often referred to as “breakouts.”
Vertical alignment shows student expectations in the same subject area at different grade levels that are related to or build upon one another.
identify conductors and insulators of thermal and electrical energy; and
demonstrate and describe how electrical energy travels in a closed path that can produce light and thermal energy.
Cause-and-effect relationships are relationships between two or more variables or phenomena whereby one variable or event leads to a predictable response. Events have causes—sometimes simple, sometimes multi-faceted.
If an electrical conductor is placed in an electric circuit (cause), the light bulb will turn on (effect). If a thermal insulator is placed around an ice cube (cause), the ice cube will melt slower (effect).
Matter and energy are conserved, changing forms but maintaining quantities. Energy flows within a system or between systems through transfers and transformations. Matter is cycled within systems through physical and chemical processes.
An electric circuit is a system. The energy flows from the battery through the components of the circuit. An insulator will slow or stop the flow of electricity. An example of a thermal energy system is a mug of hot liquid and a person's hand. Heat flows from the liquid through the mug to the hand. The mug could be made of a conductor (like clay) or an insulator (like Styrofoam).
A structure is an organized arrangement of particles, parts, or elements in a substance, body, or entity. A function is the purpose or reason for something to exist in a system. The function of a structure depends on the shapes of and relationships among its essential parts.
Materials are selected based on physical properties (structure) for conduction or insulation (function).
ELAR.4.6.F make inferences and use evidence to support understanding
ELAR.4.9.D recognize organizational patterns such as compare and contrast
ELAR.4.13.C identify and gather relevant information from a variety of sources
ELAR.4.13.E demonstrate understanding of information gathered