A student expectation is directly related to the knowledge and skills statement, is more specific about how students demonstrate their learning, and always begins with a verb. Student expectations are further broken down into their component parts, often referred to as “breakouts.”
A knowledge and skills statement is a broad statement of what students must know and be able to do. It generally begins with a learning strand and ends with the phrase “The student is expected to:” Knowledge and skills statements always include related student expectations.
Glossary Support for ELA.8.6.D
an organizing structure that presents ideas or information in a logical and rational sequence and is often used in argumentative and informative writing
Students paraphrase when they retell a story in their own words or explain a complex idea using different language than the original text or speech. Accurate paraphrasing should include all the main ideas and supporting details of the original text. Students are expected to restate something they have read or heard while retaining the intended meaning of the original text by using different words than the original author. Students show their level of understanding and use of language when they correctly paraphrase the information they have read or heard. Paraphrasing can be either verbal or in writing.
Summarizing text is a specific skill that students use when they reduce information to its main ideas and fundamental points. Students may summarize a piece of text by identifying its components and relaying the order in which they appear in the text. For example, students required to summarize narrative poetry should identify the main idea of the story told in the poem and understand how each stanza relates to the rest of the poem.
Summary: This handout is intended to help writers become more comfortable with the uses of and distinctions among quotations, paraphrases, and summaries. This handout compares and contrasts the three terms, gives some pointers, and includes a short excerpt that can be used to practice these skills