A student expectation is directly related to the knowledge and skills statement, is more specific about how students demonstrate their learning, and always begins with a verb. Student expectations are further broken down into their component parts, often referred to as “breakouts.”
A knowledge and skills statement is a broad statement of what students must know and be able to do. It generally begins with a learning strand and ends with the phrase “The student is expected to:” Knowledge and skills statements always include related student expectations.
Glossary Support for ELA.3.8.A
The topic of a literary work is the subject discussed within the story. The theme is the message about that topic that is conveyed by the story. Students should understand that while a topic may be explicitly addressed in the text, the theme will require the student to make inferences about the message the author expects the reader to take from the text. For example, while the topic of a short story might be teamwork on field day, the theme could be about how people should encourage each other to do their best.
Themes are universal ideas presented in a text that speak to a common human experience. Themes often focus on abstract concepts and the author’s thoughts about them. Examples of themes presented in a text might include “love can make you brave” or “friendships make difficult times easier to get through.” Students should be able to determine the implied theme that is represented by a character, group of characters, and/or event in a literary work.
Supporting Information for ELA.3.8.A
Research
Nokes, J. D. (2008). The observation/inference chart: improving student's abilities to make inferences while reading nontraditional texts: paintings, movies, historical artifacts, and other nontraditional texts are easier to understand when students are skilled in making inferences. These skills transfer to traditional texts as well. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 51(7), 538+. Retrieved from https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A178358714/PROF?u=tea&sid=PROF&xid=842641e2
Summary: The author demonstrates how an observation/inference chart can help inexperience readers make good inferences. The author explains how to observe and make inferences from those observations, provides examples of modeling making inferences, and gives examples to support both guided practice for students and students' individual practice. Although the study was conducted on secondary students, the process can be adapted to primary classrooms.