BIO.11.A

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The student is expected to explain how matter is conserved and energy is transferred during photosynthesis and cellular respiration using models, including the chemical equations for these processes; and
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Knowledge and Skills Statement

Science concepts--biological structures, functions, and processes. The student knows the significance of matter cycling, energy flow, and enzyme in living organisms.

Some 70% of the world's oxygen comes from the ocean—oceanic plants, plankton, and photosynthetic algae and bacteria. Many oceanic photosynthetic organisms are prokaryotic, so they will not have chloroplasts. Only 28% of the world's oxygen comes from terrestrial plants.

a set of metabolic reactions and processes that converts chemical energy from nutrients (such as glucose) into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and releases waste products (such as carbon dioxide and water)

a substance, usually a protein, that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions in living organisms and speeds up reactions without itself being consumed

the chemical process by which plants and other photosynthetic organisms produce their own source of energy (food) using energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose (food)

Research

Kim, Jinha, Cooper Williams, and Daniel Burt. "A Teaching Tool: Determining Rates of Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis for Plant Species on Georgia College's Campus." Georgia Journal of Science 81, no. 1 (Winter 2023): 120. digitalcommons.gaacademy.org.

Summary:  Students often have difficulty visualizing complex processes such as cellular respiration and photosynthesis, and this can significantly impact the students' understanding of the relationship between the two processes. Therefore, the goal of this project was to develop a teaching tool for undergraduate educators and students that: (i) provides a published data set for students to compare their own photosynthesis and/or cellular respiration data to, (ii) develops an excel calculator that can convert oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) measured in part per million (ppm) to units that are easier to grasp, and (iii) shows that not all plants have the same rate of photosynthesis.

Research

Jančaříková, Kateřina and Antonín Jančařík. "How to Teach Photosynthesis?: A Review of Academic Research." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 2022): 13529. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013529

Summary:  This study conducted a critical review of the topic of photosynthesis education, by examining 80 systematically selected articles through quantitative and qualitative approaches. Photosynthesis education is a key topic for the development of science literacy and serves as a model for how teachers can educate students on difficult and complex issues. Misconceptions adopted in childhood are powerful and often persist into adulthood (including teachers).

Research

Littlejohn, Patty. "Building Leaves and an Understanding of Photosynthesis." Science Scope 30, no. 8 (April/May 2007): 22-25.

Summary:  Through the years, the most difficult concepts for my students to grasp have been photosynthesis and cellular respiration. To help students answer questions about cellular respiration, I have them build a model leaf, plant cell, and animal cell. This hands-on project allows students to see and manipulate the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.