Force, motion, and energy. Students investigate equal and unequal forces and the effects these forces have on objects (motion and direction). Additionally, students investigate energy, including mechanical, light, thermal, electrical, and sound. They uncover cycles (e.g., movement of thermal energy), patterns (e.g., behavior of light, including reflection and refraction), and systems through their exploration. Students will build on this understanding in middle school when they begin to use calculations and measurements to study force, motion, and energy through the study of Newton's Laws of Motion.
