Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are found throughout the eukaryotic world. They are complementary to each other because they each use products of the other process. What do the two pathways share?

1. chloroplasts and mitochondria
2. photosystems I and II
3. the cytochrome complex
4. thylakoids

1. All organisms perform cellular respiration, using oxygen and glucose, which are produced by photosynthesis.
2. All organisms perform cellular respiration using carbon dioxide and glucose, which are produced by photosynthesis.
3. All organisms perform cellular respiration using oxygen and lipids, which are produced by photosynthesis.
4. All organisms perform cellular respiration using carbon dioxide and lipids, which are produced by photosynthesis.

What are the correct labels for the indicated parts of a chloroplast?

Figure 8.22

1. A. stroma, B. outer membrane, C. granum, D. thylakoid, E. inner membrane
2. A. outer membrane, B. stroma, C. granum, D. thylakoid, E. inner membrane
3. A. outer membrane, B. stroma, C. granum, D. inner membrane, E. thylakoid
4. A. stroma, B. outer membrane, C. inner membrane, D. granum, E. thylakoid

1. Both processes are contained in organelles with single membranes, and both use a version of the cytochrome complex.
2. Both processes are contained in organelles with double membranes, and neither use a version of the cytochrome complex.
3. Both processes are contained in organelles with double membranes, and use a version of the cytochrome complex.
4. Both processes are contained in organelles with single membranes, and neither use a version of the cytochrome complex.

1. Photosystem I is anchored to the membrane, but not photosystem II.
2. The cytochrome complex requires a membrane for chemiosmosis to occur.
3. The light-dependent reactions depend on the presence of carbon dioxide.
4. Light energy is absorbed by the thylakoid membrane.

Metabolic pathways both produce and use energy to perform their reactions. How does the Calvin cycle help to harness, store, and use energy in its pathway?

1. The Calvin cycle harnesses energy in the form of 6 ATP and 6 NADPH that are used to produce Fructose-3-phosphate (F3P) molecules. These store the energy captured from photosynthesis. The cycle uses this energy to regenerate RuBP.
2. The Calvin cycle harnesses energy in the form of 6 ATP and 6 NADPH that are used to produce Glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate (GA3P) molecules. These store the energy captured from photosynthesis. The cycle uses this energy to regenerate RuBP.
3. The Calvin cycle harnesses energy in the form of 3 ATP and 3 NADPH that are used to produce Glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate (GA3P) molecules. These store the energy captured from photosynthesis. The cycle uses this energy to regenerate the RuBP.
4. The Calvin cycle harnesses energy in the form of 6 ATP and 3 NADPH that are used to produce Glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate (GA3P) molecules. These store energy captured from photosynthesis. The cycle uses this energy to regenerate RuBP.

Based on the diagram, which would most likely cause a plant to run out of NADP?

Figure 8.23

1. missing the ATP synthase enzyme
2. exposure to light
3. lack of water preventing H⁺ and NADP⁺ from forming NADPH
4. not enough CO₂

How do the cytochrome complex components involved in photosynthesis contribute to the electron transport chain?

1. Photosystem I excites the electron as it moves down the electron transport chain into Photosystem II.
2. Plastoquinone and plastocyanine perform redox reactions that allow the electron to move down the electron transport chain into Photosystem I.
3. ATP synthase de-excites the electron as it moves down the electron transport chain into Photosystem I.
4. RuBisCO excites the electron as it moves down the electron transport chain into Photosystem II.

Discuss how membranes in chloroplasts contribute to the organelles’ essential functions.

1. The inner membrane contains the chemicals needed for the Calvin cycle and also components of the light dependent reactions. The thylakoid membrane contains photosystems I and II, as well as the enzyme NAD⁺ reductase.
2. The inner membrane contains only the chemicals needed for the Calvin cycle. The thylakoid membrane contains components of the light dependent reactions, photosystems I and II, and the enzyme NAD⁺ reductase.
3. The inner membrane contains components of the light dependent reactions as well as photosystems I and II. The thylakoid membrane contains the chemicals needed for the Calvin cycle and also the enzyme NAD⁺ reductase.
4. The inner membrane contains the chemicals needed for the Calvin cycle, components of the light dependent reactions and photosystems I and II. The thylakoid membrane contains the enzyme NAD⁺ reductase.

1. carotenoids
2. chlorophyll a
3. chlorophyll b
4. chlorophyll c

1. Chlorophyll molecules in the photosystems are excited and pass the energy to the primary electron acceptor where the energy is used to excite electrons from the splitting of water.
2. Chlorophyll a molecules in the photosystems are excited and pass the energy to the primary electron acceptor where the energy is used to excite electrons from the splitting of water.
3. Chlorophyll b molecules in the photosystems are excited and pass the energy to the primary electron acceptor where the energy is used to excite electrons from the splitting of water.
4. Chlorophyll molecules in the photosystems absorb light and get excited in the primary electron acceptor from where the energy is used to excite electrons from the splitting of water.