Test Prep
Multiple Choice
11.1 Temperature and Thermal Energy
- degree Celsius
- degree Fahrenheit
- degrees Celsius
- degrees Fahrenheit
What is the preferred temperature scale used in scientific laboratories?
- celsius
- fahrenheit
- kelvin
- rankine
11.2 Heat, Specific Heat, and Heat Transfer
Which phase of water has the largest specific heat?
- solid
- liquid
- gas
What kind of heat transfer requires no medium?
- conduction
- convection
- reflection
- radiation
Which of these substances has the greatest specific heat?
- copper
- mercury
- aluminum
- wood
Give an example of heat transfer through convection.
- The energy emitted from the filament of an electric bulb
- The energy coming from the sun
- A pan on a hot burner
- Water boiling in a pot
11.3 Phase Change and Latent Heat
Which substance has the largest latent heat of fusion?
- gold
- water
- mercury
- tungsten
In which phase changes does matter undergo a transition to a more energetic state?
- freezing and vaporization
- melting and sublimation
- melting and vaporization
- melting and freezing
- Condensation is on the outside of the glass when the cool, dry air outside the room comes in contact with the cold pane of glass.
- Condensation is on the outside of the glass when the warm, moist air outside the room comes in contact with the cold pane of glass.
- Condensation is on the inside of the glass when the cool, dry air inside the room comes in contact with the cold pane of glass.
- Condensation is on the inside of the glass when the warm, moist air inside the room comes in contact with the cold pane of glass.
Short Answer
11.1 Temperature and Thermal Energy
What is absolute zero on the Fahrenheit scale?
- 0 °F
- 32 °F
- -273.15 °F
- -459.67 °F
What is absolute zero on the Celsius scale?
- 0 °C
- 273.15 °C
- -459.67 °C
- -273.15 °C
- The Celsius scale derived on the planet will be the same as that on Earth, because the Celsius scale is independent of the freezing and boiling points of water.
- The Celsius scale derived on that planet will not be the same as that on Earth, because the Celsius scale is dependent and derived by using the freezing and boiling points of water.
- The Celsius scale derived on the planet will be the same as that on Earth, because the Celsius scale is an absolute temperature scale based on molecular motion, which is independent of pressure.
- The Celsius scale derived on the planet will not be the same as that on Earth, but the Fahrenheit scale will be the same, because its reference temperatures are not based on the freezing and boiling points of water.
What is the difference between the freezing point and boiling point of water on the Reaumur scale?
- The boiling point of water is 80° on the Reaumur scale.
- Reaumur scale is less than 120°.
- 100°
- 80°
11.2 Heat, Specific Heat, and Heat Transfer
In the specific heat equation what does c stand for?
- Total heat
- Specific heat
- Specific temperature
- Specific mass
Specific heat may be measured in J/kg · K, J/kg · °C. What other units can it be measured in?
- kg/kcal · °C
- kcal · °C/kg
- kg · °C/kcal
- kcal/kg · °C
- Buoyancy is a downward force exerted by a solid that opposes the weight of an object.
- Buoyancy is a downward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object.
- Buoyancy is an upward force exerted by a solid that opposes the weight an object.
- Buoyancy is an upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object.
Give an example of convection found in nature.
- heat transfer through metallic rod
- heat transfer from the sun to Earth
- heat transfer through ocean currents
- heat emitted by a light bulb into its environment
Calculate the temperature change in a substance with specific heat 735 J/kg · °C when 14 kJ of heat is given to a 3.0-kg sample of that substance.
- 57 °C
- 63 °C
- 1.8×10-2 °C
- 6.3 °C
11.3 Phase Change and Latent Heat
Upon what does the required amount of heat removed to freeze a sample of a substance depend?
- The mass of the substance and its latent heat of vaporization
- The mass of the substance and its latent heat of fusion
- The mass of the substance and its latent heat of sublimation
- The mass of the substance only
- and depend on the forces between the particles in the substance.
- and depend on the mass of the substance.
- and depend on the volume of the substance.
- and depend on the temperature of the substance.
How much energy is required to melt 7.00 kg a block of aluminum that is at its melting point? (Latent heat of fusion of aluminum is 380 kJ/kg.)
- 54.3 kJ
- 2.66 kJ
- 0.0184 kJ
- 2.66×103 kJ
A 3.00 kg sample of a substance is at its boiling point. If 5,360 kJ of energy are enough to boil away the entire substance, what is its latent heat of vaporization?
- 2,685 kJ/kg
- 3,580 kJ/kg
- 895 kJ/kg
- 1,790 kJ/kg
Extended Response
11.1 Temperature and Thermal Energy
- It is the temperature at which the internal energy of the system is maximum, because the speed of its constituent particles increases to maximum at this point.
- It is the temperature at which the internal energy of the system is maximum, because the speed of its constituent particles decreases to zero at this point.
- It is the temperature at which the internal energy of the system approaches zero, because the speed of its constituent particles increases to a maximum at this point.
- It is that temperature at which the internal energy of the system approaches zero, because the speed of its constituent particles decreases to zero at this point.
- On hot, dry days, the evaporation of the sweat from the skin cools the body, whereas on humid days the concentration of water in the atmosphere is lower, which reduces the evaporation rate from the skin’s surface.
- On hot, dry days, the evaporation of the sweat from the skin cools the body, whereas on humid days the concentration of water in the atmosphere is higher, which reduces the evaporation rate from the skin’s surface.
- On hot, dry days, the evaporation of the sweat from the skin cools the body, whereas on humid days the concentration of water in the atmosphere is lower, which increases the evaporation rate from the skin’s surface.
- On hot, dry days, the evaporation of the sweat from the skin cools the body, whereas on humid days the concentration of water in the atmosphere is higher, which increases the evaporation rate from the skin’s surface.
11.2 Heat, Specific Heat, and Heat Transfer
- Water would reduce the metal’s temperature more, because water has a greater specific heat than ice.
- Water would reduce the metal’s temperature more, because water has a smaller specific heat than ice.
- Ice would reduce the metal’s temperature more, because ice has a smaller specific heat than water.
- Ice would reduce the metal’s temperature more, because ice has a greater specific heat than water.
- The black object radiates energy faster than the white one, and hence reaches a lower temperature in less time.
- The black object radiates energy slower than the white one, and hence reaches a lower temperature in less time.
- The black object absorbs energy faster than the white one, and hence reaches a lower temperature in less time.
- The black object absorbs energy slower than the white one, and hence reaches a lower temperature in less time.
Calculate the difference in heat required to raise the temperatures of 1.00 kg of gold and 1.00 kg of aluminum by 1.00 °C. (The specific heat of aluminum equals 900 J/kg · °C; the specific heat of gold equals 129 J/kg · °C.)
- 771 J
- 129 J
- 90 J
- 900 J
11.3 Phase Change and Latent Heat
True or false—You have an ice cube floating in a glass of water with a thin thread resting across the cube. If you cover the ice cube and thread with a layer of salt, they will stick together, so that you are able to lift the ice-cube when you pick up the thread.
- True
- False
Suppose the energy required to freeze 0.250 kg of water were added to the same mass of water at an initial temperature of 1.0 °C. What would be the final temperature of the water?
- -69.8 °C
- 79.8 °C
- -78.8 °C
- 80.8 °C