What is the most important energy currency used by cells?

1. ATP
2. ADP
3. AMP
4. Adenosine

What happens when a chemical is reduced during a reaction?

1. The compound is reduced to a simpler form.
2. An electron is added to the chemical.
3. A hydrogen atom is removed from the substrate.
4. It acts as a catabolic reaction.

1. FAD⁺ and NAD⁺
2. FADH₂ and NADH
3. FAD and FADH₂
4. NAD⁺ and NADH

1. $\text{AMP}+\text{phosphate}\to \text{ADP}+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$
2. $\text{ADP}+\text{phosphate}\to \text{ATP}+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$
3. $\text{ATP}+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\to \text{ADP}+\text{Phosphate}$
4. $\text{AMP}+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\to \text{ATP}+\text{Phosphate}$

What is removed from pyruvate during its conversion into an acetyl group?

1. oxygen
2. ATP
3. vitamin B
4. carbon dioxide

1. Hexokinase dephosphorylates glucose using ATP, creating a glucose molecules that can’t cross the hydrophilic portion of the plasma membrane.
2. Hexokinase phosphorylates glucose using ADP, creating a glucose molecules that can’t cross the hydrophobic interior of the plasma membrane.
3. Hexokinase dephosphorylates glucose using ADP, creating a glucose molecule that can’t cross the hydrophilic portion of the plasma membrane.
4. Hexokinase phosphorylates glucose using ATP, creating a glucose molecule that can’t cross the hydrophobic interior of the plasma membrane.

1. The first half of glycolysis uses 2 ATPs, and the second half of glycolysis produces 4 ATPs.
2. The first half of glycolysis produces 2 ATPs, and the second half of glycolysis uses 4 ATPs.
3. The first half of glycolysis uses 4 ATPs, and the second half of glycolysis produces 2 ATPs.
4. The first half of glycolysis produces 4 ATPS, and the second half of glycolysis uses 2 ATPs.

1. They become part of a fermentation pathway.
2. They go to another pathway for ATP production.
3. They energize the acetyl group in the citric acid cycle.
4. They are converted to NADP.

1. isocitrate into $\text{α}$-ketoglutarate
2. succinyl-CoA into succinate
3. fumarate into malate
4. malate into oxaloacetate

1. one
2. two
3. three
4. four

1. FMN
2. ubiquinone
3. cytochrome c1
4. oxygen

1. electrons across the cell membrane
2. hydrogen atoms across a mitochondrial membrane
3. hydrogen ions across a mitochondrial membrane
4. glucose through the cell membrane

1. to dephosphorylate ATP, producing ADP
2. to power active transport pumps
3. to reduce heme in complex III
4. to oxidize oxygen

1. ATP would not be produced.
2. Pyruvate would not be produced.
3. Citric acid would not be produced.
4. Carbon dioxide would not be produced.

1. lactic acid fermentation
2. alcohol fermentation
3. mixed acid fermentation
4. propionic fermentation

Which molecules are produced in glycolysis and used in fermentation?

1. acetyl-CoA and NADH
2. lactate, ATP, and CO₂
3. glucose, ATP, and NAD⁺
4. pyruvate and NADH

1. methane and $\text{NADH}$
2. lactic acid and ${\text{FAD}}^{+}$
3. ethanol and ${\text{NAD}}^{+}$
4. pyruvic acid and $\text{NADH}$

1. glucose-6-phosphate
2. fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
3. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
4. phosphoenolpyruvate

1. the main process used to break down glucose
2. the main process used to assemble glucose
3. the main process used to break down fatty acids
4. the main process used to remove amino groups from amino acids

1. Carbohydrates can feed into oxidative phosphorylation.
2. Glycerol can be broken down into glucose and feed into glycolysis.
3. Amino acids can feed into pyruvate oxidation.
4. Fatty acids can feed into the citric acid cycle.

1. They increase the activity of enzymes involved with glycolysis.
2. The high levels decrease the activity of enzymes involved with glycolysis.
3. They have no effect on the activity of any enzymes involved with glycolysis.
4. The high levels slow down all pathways involved with glycolysis.

1. hexokinase
2. phosphofructokinase
3. glucose-6-phosphatase
4. aldolase

1. decreased activity of phosphofructokinase
2. increased activity of pyruvate kinase
3. decreased activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase
4. slowdown of the electron transport chain