Description
AP® Physics is the result of an effort to better serve teachers and students. The textbook focuses on the College Board’s AP® framework concepts and practices.
The AP® Physics curriculum framework outlines the two full-year physics courses AP® Physics 1: Algebra-Based and AP® Physics 2: Algebra-Based. These two courses focus on the big ideas typically included in the first and second semesters of an algebra-based, introductory college-level physics course. They provide students with the essential knowledge and skills required to support future advanced coursework in physics. The AP® Physics 1 curriculum includes mechanics, mechanical waves, sound, and electrostatics. The AP® Physics 2 curriculum focuses on thermodynamics, fluid statics, dynamics, electromagnetism, geometric and physical optics, quantum physics, atomic physics, and nuclear physics. AP® Science Practices emphasize inquiry-based learning and development of critical thinking and reasoning skills. Inquiry-based learning involves exploratory learning as a way to gain new knowledge. Students begin by making an observation regarding a given physics topic. Students then explore that topic using scientific methodology, as opposed to simply being told about it in lecture. In this way, students learn the content through self-discovery rather than memorization.
The AP® framework has identified seven major science practices, which are described using short phrases that include using representations and models to communicate information and solve problems, using mathematics appropriately, engaging in questioning, planning and implementing data collection strategies, analyzing and evaluating data, justifying scientific explanations, and connecting concepts. The AP® framework’s Learning Objectives merge content with one or more of the seven science practices that students should develop as they prepare for the AP® Physics exam. Each chapter of AP® Physics begins with a “Connection for AP® Courses” that explains how the content in the chapter sections align to the Big Ideas, Enduring Understandings, Essential Knowledge, and Learning Objectives of the AP® framework. These sections help students quickly and easily locate where components of the AP® framework are covered in the book, as well as clearly indicate material that, although interesting, exceeds the scope of the AP® framework. Content requirements for AP® Physics are prescribed in the College Board Publication Advanced Placement Course Description: Physics, published by The College Board (http://ritter.tea.state.tx.us/rules/tac/chapter112/ch112d.html#112.64) and (http://ritter.tea.state.tx.us/rules/tac/chapter112/ch112d.html#112.65).
This open-education-resource instructional material by TEA is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License in accordance with Chapter 31 of the Texas Education Code.
Book Outline
- 2.1 Displacement
- 2.2 Vectors, Scalars, and Coordinate Systems
- 2.3 Time, Velocity, and Speed
- 2.4 Acceleration
- 2.5 Motion Equations for Constant Acceleration in One Dimension
- 2.6 Problem-Solving Basics for One-Dimensional Kinematics
- 2.7 Falling Objects
- 2.8 Graphical Analysis of One-Dimensional Motion
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
- Test Prep for AP® Courses
- 3.1 Kinematics in Two Dimensions: An Introduction
- 3.2 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods
- 3.3 Vector Addition and Subtraction: Analytical Methods
- 3.4 Projectile Motion
- 3.5 Addition of Velocities
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
- Test Prep for AP® Courses
- 4.1 Development of Force Concept
- 4.2 Newton's First Law of Motion: Inertia
- 4.3 Newton's Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System
- 4.4 Newton's Third Law of Motion: Symmetry in Forces
- 4.5 Normal, Tension, and Other Examples of Force
- 4.6 Problem-Solving Strategies
- 4.7 Further Applications of Newton's Laws of Motion
- 4.8 Extended Topic: The Four Basic Forces—An Introduction
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
- Test Prep for AP® Courses
- 6.1 Rotation Angle and Angular Velocity
- 6.2 Centripetal Acceleration
- 6.3 Centripetal Force
- 6.4 Fictitious Forces and Non-Inertial Frames: The Coriolis Force
- 6.5 Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation
- 6.6 Satellites and Kepler's Laws: An Argument for Simplicity
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
- Test Prep for AP® Courses
- 7.1 Work: The Scientific Definition
- 7.2 Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem
- 7.3 Gravitational Potential Energy
- 7.4 Conservative Forces and Potential Energy
- 7.5 Nonconservative Forces
- 7.6 Conservation of Energy
- 7.7 Power
- 7.8 Work, Energy, and Power in Humans
- 7.9 World Energy Use
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
- Test Prep for AP® Courses
- 8.1 Linear Momentum and Force
- 8.2 Impulse
- 8.3 Conservation of Momentum
- 8.4 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension
- 8.5 Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension
- 8.6 Collisions of Point Masses in Two Dimensions
- 8.7 Introduction to Rocket Propulsion
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
- Test Prep for AP® Courses
- 9.1 The First Condition for Equilibrium
- 9.2 The Second Condition for Equilibrium
- 9.3 Stability
- 9.4 Applications of Statics, Including Problem-Solving Strategies
- 9.5 Simple Machines
- 9.6 Forces and Torques in Muscles and Joints
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
- Test Prep for AP® Courses
- 10.1 Angular Acceleration
- 10.2 Kinematics of Rotational Motion
- 10.3 Dynamics of Rotational Motion: Rotational Inertia
- 10.4 Rotational Kinetic Energy: Work and Energy Revisited
- 10.5 Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
- 10.6 Collisions of Extended Bodies in Two Dimensions
- 10.7 Gyroscopic Effects: Vector Aspects of Angular Momentum
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
- Test Prep for AP® Courses
- 11.1 What Is a Fluid?
- 11.2 Density
- 11.3 Pressure
- 11.4 Variation of Pressure with Depth in a Fluid
- 11.5 Pascal’s Principle
- 11.6 Gauge Pressure, Absolute Pressure, and Pressure Measurement
- 11.7 Archimedes' Principle
- 11.8 Cohesion and Adhesion in Liquids: Surface Tension and Capillary Action
- 11.9 Pressures in the Body
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
- Test Prep for AP® Courses
- 12.1 Flow Rate and Its Relation to Velocity
- 12.2 Bernoulli’s Equation
- 12.3 The Most General Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation
- 12.4 Viscosity and Laminar Flow: Poiseuille's Law
- 12.5 The Onset of Turbulence
- 12.6 Motion of an Object in a Viscous Fluid
- 12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
- Test Prep for AP® Courses
- 13.1 Temperature
- 13.2 Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids
- 13.3 The Ideal Gas Law
- 13.4 Kinetic Theory: Atomic and Molecular Explanation of Pressure and Temperature
- 13.5 Phase Changes
- 13.6 Humidity, Evaporation, and Boiling
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
- Test Prep for AP® Courses
- 15.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics
- 15.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Some Simple Processes
- 15.3 Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and Their Efficiency
- 15.4 Carnot’s Perfect Heat Engine: The Second Law of Thermodynamics Restated
- 15.5 Applications of Thermodynamics: Heat Pumps and Refrigerators
- 15.6 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Disorder and the Unavailability of Energy
- 15.7 Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: The Underlying Explanation
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
- Test Prep for AP® Courses
- 16.1 Hooke’s Law: Stress and Strain Revisited
- 16.2 Period and Frequency in Oscillations
- 16.3 Simple Harmonic Motion: A Special Periodic Motion
- 16.4 The Simple Pendulum
- 16.5 Energy and the Simple Harmonic Oscillator
- 16.6 Uniform Circular Motion and Simple Harmonic Motion
- 16.7 Damped Harmonic Motion
- 16.8 Forced Oscillations and Resonance
- 16.9 Waves
- 16.10 Superposition and Interference
- 16.11 Energy in Waves: Intensity
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
- Test Prep for AP® Courses
- 17.1 Sound
- 17.2 Speed of Sound, Frequency, and Wavelength
- 17.3 Sound Intensity and Sound Level
- 17.4 Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms
- 17.5 Sound Interference and Resonance: Standing Waves in Air Columns
- 17.6 Hearing
- 17.7 Ultrasound
- Glossary
- Section Summary
- Conceptual Questions
- Problems & Exercises
- Test Prep for AP® Courses