beginning reading and writing Spanish strand TEKS talk image

Knowledge and Skills Statement

Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking--beginning reading and writing. The student develops word structure knowledge through phonological awareness, print concepts, phonics, and morphology to communicate, decode, and spell.

Reparta una hoja con pares de palabras escritas correcta e incorrectamente usando la c/k/q. Los estudiantes encierran en un círculo las palabras del par que están escritas correctamente (por ej., quadro cuadro; ciero quiero; quando cuando; peceño pequeño quilómetro/kilómetro; coala/koala). Los estudiante deben concluir que con las vocales a,o,u se usa la letra “c” y con las vocales e,i se usa la letra “q”. Revise las hojas con las palabras y analice con los estudiantes sus aciertos y errores.


Further Explanation

Los estudiantes identifican las palabras que se escriben usando distintas letras, pero que tienen el mismo sonido. Los estudiantes usan su conocimiento de la ortografía para saber cuál de las letras emplear. Se basan también en la práctica y en su experiencia como lector porque hay ocasiones en que el contexto en donde está la palabra les ayuda a saber cómo se escribe.

Both decoding and encoding skills are needed to build a foundation in reading. Decoding is the process of translating written speech into verbal speech sounds by applying knowledge of letter-sound correspondences. It is the ability to recognize letters, apply their associated sounds, and blend sounds to form words. Encoding is the process of using letter-sound knowledge to write or spell words. Students must understand the various spelling patterns and rules of the Spanish language to correctly construct words in their written products. It is important that students demonstrate their knowledge by applying these rules consistently instead of using invented spelling because they may unknowingly write a real word they did not intend, causing reader confusion.
Students should use their phonetic knowledge to spell words that have the same sound represented by different letters. For example, the phoneme (or sound) /k/ is represented by the letter c when this consonant is combined with the vowels a, o, and u. For example, calabaza, conejo, or ocupado. The same sound is represented when the letter q is combined with -ue and -ui, like in the words quebrar, quiero, or taquería. This sound is also represented by the consonant k when it is combined with any of the vowels, like in karate, keroseno, kilómetro, or kimono.
Students should use their phonetic knowledge to spell words that have the same sound represented by different letters. For example, the sound /ll/ as in the initial sound of llorar, may be represented by the digraph ll (two subsequent letters l) or the letter y. The following are examples of words that have the sound /ll/ represented by both letters that are followed by any vowel, yo, ayunar, llover, llama, cuello, vaya, and toalla.
Student should use their phonetic knowledge to spell words that have the same sound represented by different letters. The sound /s/ may be represented by the letters s, z, c, and x, according to their different spelling patterns. Letters s and z keep the sound /s/ with any vowel and in any position of a word. For example, saltar, consejo, sillón, oso, presumir, panza, Zenón, zigzag, zona, azul. The letter c sounds like /s/ only with the vowels e and i. For example, cine, alacena. Finally, the letter x sounds like /s/, only in a few cases, when it precedes the vowels o and i, like in Xóchitl, or xilófono.
Students are expected to use their phonetic knowledge to correctly spell words that have the same sound represented by different letters. In Spanish, the sound /j/ may be represented by the letters g (soft sound), j, and x. The soft sound of g is produced when this letter is combined with the vowels e and i, like in gelatina, agente, gitana, and ágil. The same sound is represented by the letter j, that may be combined with any vowel. For instance, jamón, jefe, jícama, joroba, jugo, ajo, or caja. In some cases, the letter x also represents this sound in words like, México, Xavier, or Xalisco.
In Spanish, there are phonemes (or sounds) that may be represented by different letters. Students are expected to correctly spell words that follow different letter patterns.