Knowledge and Skills Statement
Organisms and environments. The student understands that ecosystem are dependent upon the cycling of matter and the flow of energy.
Supporting Information
Research
Loreau, Michel. “Material Cycling and the Stability of Ecosystems.” The American Naturalist 143, no. 3 (1994): 508–513. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2462743
Summary: This article explores the complexities of explaining ecosystem stability in closed and open systems. Mathematical models are presented to quantify the inputs and outputs within the systems.