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Knowledge and Skills Statement

Science concepts. The student understands the development of the Periodic Table and applies its predictive power.

Periodic trends include atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, valency, and metallic character. The image below provides a summary of the trends that are seen when analyzing the periodic table.

Periodic trends chart
Image URLs: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Periodic_trends.svg

the quantity of matter contained in an atom of an element, measured in atomic mass units (amu)

the radius of an atom; the shortest distance between the atom's nucleus and the outermost shell of the atom

a chemical property that describes the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract shared-pair electrons towards itself

the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule

an organizational chart of all the known elements on Earth, organized based on the physical and chemical properties of each

the relative capacity of an atom, molecule, or ion to undergo a chemical reaction with another atom, molecule, or compound

Research

Takahara, Wataru. "Melting Points and Chemical Bonding Properties of 3d Transition Metal Elements." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 61, no. 1 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/61/1/012029

Summary:  The melting points of 3d transition metal elements show an unusual local minimal peak at manganese across Period 4 in the periodic table. The chemical bonding properties of scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper are investigated. The melting points are found to correlate with the chemical bonding nature of the element.