Mathematical process standards. The student uses mathematical processes to acquire and demonstrate mathematical understanding. The student is expected to:

apply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace;

identify examples of cultures that maintain traditional ways, including traditional economies; and

describe the development of the free enterprise system in colonial America and the United States;

write legibly in cursive to complete assignments.

use a problem-solving model that incorporates analyzing given information, formulating a plan or strategy, determining a solution, justifying the solution, and evaluating the problem-solving process and the reasonableness of the solution;

evaluate the spread of cultural traits to find examples of cultural convergence and divergence such as the spread of democratic ideas, language, foods, technology, or global sports.

describe how the free enterprise system works in the United States; and

Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking--vocabulary. The student uses newly acquired vocabulary expressively. The student is expected to:

select tools, including real objects, manipulatives, paper and pencil, and technology as appropriate, and techniques, including mental math, estimation, and number sense as appropriate, to solve problems;

give examples of the benefits of the free enterprise system in the United States.

Science, technology, and society. The student understands the impact of technology and human modifications on the physical environment. The student is expected to:

use print or digital resources to determine meaning, syllabication, and pronunciation;

communicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications using multiple representations, including symbols, diagrams, graphs, and language as appropriate;

evaluate the significance of major technological innovations in the areas of transportation and energy that have been used to modify the physical environment;

Economics. The student understands the impact of supply and demand on consumers and producers in a free enterprise system. The student is expected to:

use context within and beyond a sentence to determine the relevant meaning of unfamiliar words or multiple-meaning words;

determine the meaning of and use words with affixes such as mis-, sub-, -ment, and -ity/ty and roots such as auto, graph, and meter; and

create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas;

analyze ways technological innovations such as air conditioning and desalinization have allowed humans to adapt to places; and

explain how supply and demand affects consumers in the United States; and

identify, use, and explain the meaning of homophones such as reign/rain.

analyze mathematical relationships to connect and communicate mathematical ideas; and

analyze the environmental, economic, and social impacts of advances in technology on agriculture and natural resources.

evaluate the effects of supply and demand on business, industry, and agriculture, including the plantation system, in the United States.

Economics. The student understands patterns of work and economic activities in the United States. The student is expected to:

Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking--fluency. The student reads grade-level text with fluency and comprehension. The student is expected to use appropriate fluency (rate, accuracy, and prosody) when reading grade-level text.

display, explain, and justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language in written or oral communication.

Science, technology, and society. The student understands how current technology affects human interaction. The student is expected to:

compare how people in different parts of the United States earn a living, past and present;

Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking--self-sustained reading. The student reads grade-appropriate texts independently. The student is expected to self-select text and read independently for a sustained period of time.

Number and operations. The student applies mathematical process standards to represent and use rational numbers in a variety of forms. The student is expected to extend previous knowledge of sets and subsets using a visual representation to describe relationships between sets of rational numbers.

describe the impact of new information technologies such as the Internet, Global Positioning System (GPS), or Geographic Information Systems (GIS); and

Number and operations. The student applies mathematical process standards to add, subtract, multiply, and divide while solving problems and justifying solutions. The student is expected to:

examine the economic, environmental, and social effects of technology such as medical advancements or changing trade patterns on societies at different levels of development.

identify and explain how geographic factors have influenced the location of economic activities in the United States;

Comprehension skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts. The student uses metacognitive skills to both develop and deepen comprehension of increasingly complex texts. The student is expected to:

add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers fluently; and

analyze the effects of immigration, migration, and limited resources on the economic development and growth of the United States;

establish purpose for reading assigned and self-selected texts;

Social studies skills. The student applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired through established research methodologies from a variety of valid sources, including technology. The student is expected to:

analyze and evaluate the validity and utility of multiple sources of geographic information such as primary and secondary sources, aerial photographs, and maps;

apply and extend previous understandings of operations to solve problems using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of rational numbers.

describe the impact of mass production, specialization, and division of labor on the economic growth of the United States; and

generate questions about text before, during, and after reading to deepen understanding and gain information;

identify places of contemporary geopolitical significance on a map;

Proportionality. The student applies mathematical process standards to represent and solve problems involving proportional relationships. The student is expected to:

explain the impact of American ideas about progress and equality of opportunity on the economic development and growth of the United States.

make and correct or confirm predictions using text features, characteristics of genre, and structures;

create mental images to deepen understanding;