History. The student understands the political, economic, and social changes in Texas during the last half of the 19th century. The student is expected to:

identify the characteristics of monarchies and theocracies as forms of government in early civilizations; and

Number and operations. The student applies mathematical process standards to represent, compare, and order positive rational numbers and understand relationships as related to place value. The student is expected to:

Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, discussion, and thinking -- oral language. The student develops oral language through listening, speaking, and discussion. The student is expected to:

describe the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Texas;

identify the characteristics of the following political systems: theocracy, absolute monarchy, democracy, republic, oligarchy, limited monarchy, and totalitarianism.

Government. The student understands how contemporary political systems have developed from earlier systems of government. The student is expected to:

represent the value of the digit in decimals through the thousandths using expanded notation and numerals;

listen actively, ask relevant questions to clarify information, and make pertinent comments;

explain the growth, development, and impact of the cattle industry, including contributions made by Charles Goodnight, Richard King, and Lizzie Johnson;

explain the development of democratic-republican government from its beginnings in Judeo-Christian legal tradition and classical Greece and Rome through the French Revolution;

compare and order two decimals to thousandths and represent comparisons using the symbols ,

follow, restate, and give oral instructions that involve a series of related sequences of action;

identify the impact of railroads on life in Texas, including changes to cities and major industries; and

identify the impact of political and legal ideas contained in the following documents: Hammurabi's Code, the Jewish Ten Commandments, Justinian's Code of Laws, Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights, the Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen;

round decimals to tenths or hundredths.

speak coherently about the topic under discussion, employing eye contact, speaking rate, volume, enunciation, and the conventions of language to communicate ideas effectively;

examine the effects upon American Indian life resulting from changes in Texas, including the Red River War, building of U.S. forts and railroads, and loss of buffalo.

History. The student understands important issues, events, and individuals of the 20th century in Texas. The student is expected to:

explain the political philosophies of individuals such as John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, Voltaire, Charles de Montesquieu, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Thomas Aquinas, John Calvin, and William Blackstone; and

Number and operations. The student applies mathematical process standards to develop and use strategies and methods for positive rational number computations in order to solve problems with efficiency and accuracy. The student is expected to:

work collaboratively with others by following agreed-upon rules, norms, and protocols; and

develop social communication such as conversing politely in all situations.

identify the impact of various issues and events on life in Texas such as urbanization, increased use of oil and gas, the Great Depression, the Dust Bowl, and World War II;

explain the significance of the League of Nations and the United Nations.

estimate to determine solutions to mathematical and real-world problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division;

Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking--beginning reading and writing. The student develops word structure knowledge through phonological awareness, print concepts, phonics, and morphology to communicate, decode, and spell. The student is expected to:

explain the development and impact of the oil and gas industry upon industrialization and urbanization in Texas, including important places and people such as Spindletop and Pattillo Higgins; and

Citizenship. The student understands the significance of political choices and decisions made by individuals, groups, and nations throughout history. The student is expected to:

multiply with fluency a three-digit number by a two-digit number using the standard algorithm;

solve with proficiency for quotients of up to a four-digit dividend by a two-digit divisor using strategies and the standard algorithm;

demonstrate and apply phonetic knowledge by:

identify the accomplishments of notable individuals such as John Tower, Scott Joplin, Audie Murphy, Cleto Rodríguez, Stanley Marcus, Bessie Coleman, Raul A. Gonzalez Jr., and other local notable individuals.

describe how people have participated in supporting or changing their governments;

represent multiplication of decimals with products to the hundredths using objects and pictorial models, including area models;

decoding multisyllabic words with multiple sound-spelling patterns such as eigh, ough, and en;

Geography. The student uses geographic tools to collect, analyze, and interpret data. The student is expected to:

describe the rights and responsibilities of citizens and noncitizens in civic participation throughout history; and

identify examples of key persons who were successful in shifting political thought, including William Wilberforce.

solve for products of decimals to the hundredths, including situations involving money, using strategies based on place-value understandings, properties of operations, and the relationship to the multiplication of whole numbers;

decoding multisyllabic words with closed syllables; open syllables; VCe syllables; vowel teams, including digraphs and diphthongs; r-controlled syllables; and final stable syllables;

apply geographic tools, including grid systems, legends, symbols, scales, and compass roses, to construct and interpret maps; and

Citizenship. The student understands the historical development of significant legal and political concepts related to the rights and responsibilities of citizenship. The student is expected to:

represent quotients of decimals to the hundredths, up to four-digit dividends and two-digit whole number divisors, using objects and pictorial models, including area models;

decoding compound words, contractions, and abbreviations;

translate geographic data, population distribution, and natural resources into a variety of formats such as graphs and maps.

summarize the development of the rule of law from ancient to modern times;

solve for quotients of decimals to the hundredths, up to four-digit dividends and two-digit whole number divisors, using strategies and algorithms, including the standard algorithm;

decoding words using knowledge of syllable division patterns such as VCCV, VCV, and VCCCV with accent shifts;

Geography. The student understands the concept of regions. The student is expected to: