round to the nearest 10 or 100 or use compatible numbers to estimate solutions to addition and subtraction problems;

Science, technology, and society. The student understands the impact of science, technology, and the free enterprise system on the economic development of the United States. The student is expected to:

use a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, consider advantages and disadvantages, choose and implement a solution, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution; and

explain the origin and development of American political parties;

Child compares sets of objects up to 10 using comparative language (e.g., greater/more than, less/fewer than, equal to/same number of).

determine the value of a collection of coins and bills;

explain the effects of scientific discoveries and technological innovations such as electric power, telephone and satellite communications, petroleum-based products, steel production, and computers on the economic development of the United States;

use a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, generate options, predict outcomes, take action to implement a decision, and reflect on the effectiveness of that decision.

explain the causes, important events, and effects of the War of 1812;

determine the total number of objects when equally-sized groups of objects are combined or arranged in arrays up to 10 by 10;

explain how specific needs result in scientific discoveries and technological innovations in agriculture, the military, and medicine; and

Joining and Separating

identify the foreign policies of presidents Washington through Monroe and explain the impact of Washington's Farewell Address and the Monroe Doctrine;

represent multiplication facts by using a variety of approaches such as repeated addition, equal-sized groups, arrays, area models, equal jumps on a number line, and skip counting;

recall facts to multiply up to 10 by 10 with automaticity and recall the corresponding division facts;

describe the effect of technological innovations in the workplace such as assembly line manufacturing and robotics.

Child uses objects, pictorial models, and/or a verbal word problem to represent adding up to 5 objects.

explain the impact of the election of Andrew Jackson, including expanded suffrage; and

use strategies and algorithms, including the standard algorithm, to multiply a two-digit number by a one-digit number. Strategies may include mental math, partial products, and the commutative, associative, and distributive properties;

Science, technology, and society. The student understands the influence of scientific discoveries, technological innovations, and the free enterprise system on the standard of living in the United States. The student is expected to:

Child uses objects, pictorial models, and/or a verbal word problem to represent subtracting objects from a set of 5.

analyze the reasons for the removal and resettlement of Cherokee Indians during the Jacksonian era, including the Indian Removal Act, Worcester v. Georgia, and the Trail of Tears.

History. The student understands westward expansion and its effects on the political, economic,and social development of the nation. The student is expected to:

determine the number of objects in each group when a set of objects is partitioned into equal shares or a set of objects is shared equally;

analyze how scientific discoveries, technological innovations, space exploration, and the application of these by the free enterprise system improve the standard of living in the United States, including changes in transportation and communication; and

Geometry and Spatial Sense

explain how the Northwest Ordinance established principles and procedures for orderly expansion of the United States;

determine if a number is even or odd using divisibility rules;

describe how the free enterprise system drives technological innovation and its application in the marketplace such as cell phones, inexpensive personal computers, and global positioning products.

Developing and sustaining foundational language skills: listening, speaking, discussion, and thinking -- oral language. The student develops oral language through listening, speaking, and discussion. The student is expected to:

listen actively, ask relevant questions to clarify information, and answer questions using multi-word responses;

Child names and describes common 2D shapes and names at least 1 solid 3D shape.

analyze the westward growth of the nation, including the Louisiana Purchase and Manifest Destiny; and

Social studies skills. The student understands how historians use historiography to interpret the past and applies critical-thinking skills to organize and use information acquired from a variety of valid sources, including technology. The student is expected to:

determine a quotient using the relationship between multiplication and division; and

follow, restate, and give oral instructions that involve a short, related sequence of actions;

Child creates shapes using materials and/or manipulatives.

explain the causes and effects of the U.S.-Mexican War and their impact on the United States.

solve one-step and two-step problems involving multiplication and division within 100 using strategies based on objects; pictorial models, including arrays, area models, and equal groups; properties of operations; or recall of facts.

analyze primary and secondary sources such as maps, graphs, speeches, political cartoons, and artifacts to acquire information to answer historical questions;

analyze information by applying absolute and relative chronology through sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing and contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations, making predictions, drawing inferences, and drawing conclusions;

share information and ideas that focus on the topic under discussion, speaking clearly at an appropriate pace and using the conventions of language;

Child demonstrates use of position words.

History. The student understands how political, economic, and social factors led to the growth of sectionalism and the Civil War. The student is expected to:

Algebraic reasoning. The student applies mathematical process standards to analyze and create patterns and relationships. The student is expected to:

apply the process of historical inquiry to research, interpret, and use multiple types of sources of evidence;

work collaboratively with others by following agreed-upon rules for discussion, including listening to others, speaking when recognized, making appropriate contributions, and building on the ideas of others; and

Child recognizes common shapes, regardless of orientation and size.

analyze the impact of tariff policies on sections of the United States before the Civil War;

represent one- and two-step problems involving addition and subtraction of whole numbers to 1,000 using pictorial models, number lines, and equations;