Which of the following components is not used by both plants and Cyanobacteria to carry out photosynthesis?

1. carbon dioxide
2. chlorophyll
3. chloroplasts
4. water

1. Chemoautotrophs use wavelengths of light not available to photoautotrophs.
2. Chemoautotrophs extract energy from inorganic chemical compounds.
3. Photoautotrophs prefer the blue side of the visible light spectrum.
4. Photoautotrophs make glucose, while chemoautotrophs make galactose.

1. mesophyll
2. outer membrane
3. stroma
4. thylakoid

1. the Calvin cycle
2. the inner membrane
3. stroma
4. thylakoids

1. chlorophyll and oxygen
2. oxygen and carbon dioxide
3. sugars/carbohydrates and oxygen
4. sugars/carbohydrates and carbon dioxide

1. glucose
2. starch
3. sucrose
4. triglycerides

While working at a deep archeological site, you find a sample of an ancient single-celled organism trapped in amber. Analysis of the organism’s genome indicates that it does not use the same nucleic acid chemistry as all extant organisms and cannot share a common ancestor with humans. Would this evidence change our understanding of the origins of life on Earth? Explain your answer.

1. blue
2. green
3. infrared
4. ultraviolet

1. color intensity
2. distance from trough to crest
3. the amount of sugar produced
4. wavelength

What portion of the electro-magnetic radiation emitted by the Sun has the least energy?

1. gamma
2. infrared
3. radio
4. X-rays

1. They supplement chlorophyll absorption.
2. They are visible in the fall during leaf color changes.
3. They absorb excess energy and dissipate it as heat.
4. They limit chlorophyll absorption.

1. antenna molecule
2. ATP synthase
3. primary electron acceptor
4. reaction center

Which complex is not involved in producing the electromotive force of ATP synthesis?

1. ATP synthase
2. cytochrome complex
3. photosystem I
4. photosystem II

1. a specific portion of the visible spectrum
2. color intensity
3. the amount of energy of a wave of light
4. the distance from trough to crest of the wave

1. CO₂
2. RuBisCO
3. RuBP
4. 3-PGA

What is the product of the Calvin cycle?

1. glucose
2. glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate
3. phosphoglycerate (PGA)
4. sucrose

1. the conversion of ${\text{CO}}_2$ into an organic compound
2. the use of RuBisCO to form 3-PGA
3. the production of carbohydrate molecules from G3P
4. the use of ATP and NADPH to reduce ${\text{CO}}_2$

1. 3-PGA
2. NADPH
3. RuBisCO
4. RuBP

1. carbon fixation
2. cellular respiration
3. photosystem II
4. photosynthesis

Which of the following organisms is a heterotroph?

1. cyanobacterium
2. intestinal bacterium
3. kelp
4. pond algae

1. It catalyzes the reaction between ${\text{CO}}_2$ and ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP).
2. It catalyzes the reaction that produces glyceraldehyde3-phosphate (G3P).
3. It catalyzes the reaction that regenerates RuBP.
4. It catalyzes the reaction utilizing ATP and NADPH.