plan a first draft by selecting a genre for a particular topic, purpose, and audience using a range of strategies such as brainstorming, freewriting, and mapping;

organizing with purposeful structure, including an introduction, transitions, and a conclusion; and

developing an engaging idea reflecting depth of thought with specific facts and details;

revise drafts to improve sentence structure and word choice by adding, deleting, combining, and rearranging ideas for coherence and clarity;