In the oral language sub strand of the foundational language skill strand,
students build listening speaking discussion and presentation skills to
become proficient in oral language. In the early elementary grades, oral
language skills focus on the social as well as academic communication. Social
communication, such as expressing needs and wants, introducing oneself, and
conversing politely, are key skills for students in kindergarten through third
grade. The development and application of active listening skills is critical at
every grade level. Elementary students demonstrate active listening by engaging
with the speaker and asking relevant questions to better understand what the
speaker is saying. Beginning in middle school, students learn to interpret both
verbal and nonverbal messages, and at the high school level students engage in
meaningful discourse with others by adjusting their communication based on
the audience and purpose. The oral language sub strand also
stresses following and giving oral instructions. In the early elementary
grades, students learn to restate and follow instructions involving a short
sequence of actions. As they progress through the grades, students follow and
give gradually more complex multi-step instructions. In middle school and high
school, students follow and give complex oral instructions to perform tasks,
answer questions, and solve problems. The oral language sub strand also calls on
students to work collaboratively with others. Students learn to take part in
discussions following agreed-upon rules such as listening to others, speaking
when recognized, and contributing appropriately. Students also offer ideas
and constructive feedback, learn to build consensus when working with others, and
help move a team toward its goal. Lastly, students in every grade level and
course develop and apply public speaking and presentation skills. Students give
oral presentations and communicate effectively. They learn key skills such
as speaking clearly, employing eye contact, and using an effective speaking
rate. Oral language proficiency is a key part of student academic success, and
it's essential that students have multiple opportunities to practice and
apply oral language skills at all grades. For examples of formative assessment
activities in oral language, review the Demonstrated Proficiency section below.